Stevenson A L, Scheuhammer A M, Chan H M
Department of Natural Resources Sciences, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada, H9X 3V9.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2005 Apr;48(3):405-13. doi: 10.1007/s00244-004-0044-x. Epub 2005 Feb 7.
Prior to the first nontoxic shot zones being established in Canada, a nationwide survey of lead (Pb) concentrations in wing bones of hatch year (HY) dabbling and diving ducks determined the incidence of elevated Pb exposure in waterfowl in different parts of the country (Scheuhammer and Dickson 1996). The main objectives of the present study were (1) to compare these previously collected data with the incidence of elevated Pb accumulation in the same species several years after the establishment of a national regulation in 1997 prohibiting the use of Pb shot for waterfowl hunting; and (2) to survey waterfowl hunters to determine reported levels of compliance with the nontoxic shot regulation. Average bone-Pb concentrations in dabbling ducks (mallards [Anas platyrhyncos] and American black ducks [Anas rubripes] combined) decreased significantly between 1989+1990 and 2000 (11 microg/g vs. 4.8 microg/g, respectively [p < 0.01]). Ring-necked ducks (Aythya collaris) showed a similar decrease in mean bone-Pb concentrations, from 28 microg/g to 10 microg/g (p < 0.01). These declines in bone-Pb concentration were consistent with the results of a large anonymous hunter survey, which indicated a high level of reported compliance (>80%) with the nontoxic shot regulation among waterfowl hunters residing in Ontario and British Columbia. Conversely, American woodcock (Scolopax minor), an important upland game species not affected by the nontoxic shot regulation, showed no decrease in mean bone-Pb concentration since the national regulation came into effect (19 microg/g in 1995 vs. 21 microg/g in 2000). A majority (70%) of waterfowl hunters in British Columbia and Ontario who also hunt upland game birds report continued (legal) use of Pb shot for upland game bird hunting.
在加拿大设立首个无毒射击区之前，一项针对当年孵化（HY）的涉禽和潜水鸭翼骨中铅（Pb）浓度的全国性调查，确定了该国不同地区水禽铅暴露水平升高的发生率（舍哈默和迪克森，1996年）。本研究的主要目的是：（1）将这些先前收集的数据与1997年国家法规禁止在水禽狩猎中使用铅弹几年后，同一物种中铅积累水平升高的发生率进行比较；（2）调查水禽猎人，以确定报告的遵守无毒子弹规定的情况。在1989 + 1990年至2000年期间，涉禽（绿头鸭[Anas platyrhyncos]和美洲黑鸭[Anas rubripes]合并计算）的平均骨铅浓度显著下降（分别为11微克/克和4.8微克/克 [p < 0.01]）。环颈鸭（Aythya collaris）的平均骨铅浓度也有类似下降，从28微克/克降至10微克/克（p < 0.01）。骨铅浓度的这些下降与一项大型匿名猎人调查的结果一致，该调查表明，安大略省和不列颠哥伦比亚省的水禽猎人报告遵守无毒子弹规定的比例很高（>80%）。相反，美洲丘鹬（Scolopax minor）是一种不受无毒子弹规定影响的重要高地猎禽，自国家法规生效以来，其平均骨铅浓度没有下降（1995年为19微克/克，2000年为21微克/克）。不列颠哥伦比亚省和安大略省同时也猎捕高地猎禽的大多数（70%）水禽猎人报告继续（合法）使用铅弹进行高地猎禽狩猎。
