Płaza Grazyna, Nałecz-Jawecki Grzegorz, Ulfig Krzysztof, Brigmon Robin L
Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas, Kossutha Street 6, 40-844 Katowice, Poland.
Chemosphere. 2005 Apr;59(2):289-96. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.11.049. Epub 2005 Jan 6.
Bioremediation has proven successful in numerous applications to petroleum contaminated soils. However, questions remain as to the efficiency of bioremediation in lowering long-term soil toxicity. In the present study, the bioassays Spirotox, Microtox, Ostracodtoxkit F, umu-test with S-9 activation, and plant assays were applied, and compared to evaluate bioremediation processes in heavily petroleum contaminated soils. Six higher plant species (Secale cereale L., Lactuca sativa L., Zea mays L., Lepidium sativum L., Triticum vulgare L., Brassica oleracea L.) were used for bioassay tests based on seed germination and root elongation. The ecotoxicological analyses were made in DMSO/H2O and DCM/DMSO soil extracts. Soils were tested from two biopiles at the Czechowice oil refinery, Poland, that have been subjected to different bioremediation applications. In biopile 1 the active or engineered bioremediation process lasted four years, while biopile 2 was treated passively or non-engineered for eight months. The test species demonstrated varying sensitivity to soils from both biopiles. The effects on test organisms exposed to biopile 2 soils were several times higher compared to those in biopile 1 soils, which correlated with the soil contaminants concentration. Soil hydrocarbon concentrations indeed decreased an average of 81% in biopile 1, whereas in biopile 2 TPH/TPOC concentrations only decreased by 30% after eight months of bioremediation. The bioassays were presented to be sensitive indicators of soil quality and can be used to evaluate the quality of bioremediated soil. The study encourages the need to combine the bioassays with chemical monitoring for evaluation of the bioremediation effectiveness and assessing of the contaminated/remediated soils.
生物修复已在众多石油污染土壤的应用中被证明是成功的。然而，关于生物修复降低土壤长期毒性的效率仍存在疑问。在本研究中，应用了Spirotox、Microtox、Ostracodtoxkit F、含S-9激活的umu试验和植物试验等生物测定方法，并进行比较以评估重度石油污染土壤中的生物修复过程。基于种子萌发和根伸长，使用了六种高等植物物种（黑麦、生菜、玉米、独行菜、普通小麦、甘蓝）进行生物测定试验。生态毒理学分析是在二甲基亚砜/水和二氯甲烷/二甲基亚砜土壤提取物中进行的。土壤取自波兰切乔维采炼油厂的两个生物堆，这两个生物堆已进行了不同的生物修复应用。在生物堆1中，主动或工程生物修复过程持续了四年，而生物堆2则进行了八个月的被动或非工程处理。试验物种对两个生物堆的土壤表现出不同的敏感性。与生物堆1土壤相比，暴露于生物堆2土壤中的试验生物所受影响要高几倍，这与土壤污染物浓度相关。生物堆1中的土壤碳氢化合物浓度平均确实下降了81%，而在生物堆2中，经过八个月的生物修复后，总石油烃/总石油有机碳浓度仅下降了30%。这些生物测定方法被证明是土壤质量的敏感指标，可用于评估生物修复土壤的质量。该研究促使有必要将生物测定与化学监测相结合，以评估生物修复效果和评估污染/修复土壤。
