Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Center for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2010 May;73(4):613-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2009.08.020. Epub 2009 Nov 22.
Petroleum-polluted soils are a common disaster in many countries. Bioremediation of oil contamination in soils is based on the stimulation of petroleum-hydrocarbon-degrading fungal and microbial communities. A field study was conducted in a petroleum-contaminated site to find petroleum-resistant plants and their root-associated fungal strains for use in bioremediation of petroleum-polluted soils. Results and observations showed that the amounts of petroleum pollution in nonvegetated soils were several times higher than in vegetated soils. Plants collected from petroleum-polluted areas were identified using morphological characters. Results indicated that seven plant species were growing on the contaminated sites: Alhaji cameleron L. (Fabaceae), Amaranthus retroflexus L. var. retroflexus (Amaranthaceae), Convolvulus arvensis L. (Convolvulaceae), Chrozophora hierosolymitana Spreg. (Euphorbiaceae), Noea mucronata L. (Boraginaceae), Poa sp. (Poaceae), and Polygonum aviculare L. (Polygonaceae). The root-associated fungi of each plant were determined and results showed the presence of 11 species that associated with and also penetrated the roots of plants growing in the polluted areas. Altenaria sp. was common to all of the plants and the others had species-specific distribution within the plants. The largest numbers of fungal species (six) were determined for P. aviculare and Poa sp. in polluted areas. However, the variation of fungal strains in the plants collected from petroleum-polluted areas was greater than for nonpolluted ones. Culture of fungi in oil-contaminated media showed that all the studied fungi were resistant to low petroleum pollution (1% v/v) and a few species, especially Fusarium species, showed resistance to higher petroleum pollution (10% v/v) and may be suitable for bioremediation in highly polluted areas. Bioremediation tests with P. aviculare, with and without fungal strains, showed that application of both the plant and its root-associated fungal strains was more effective than of the plant and fungi separately, and Fusarium species were the most effective. Results indicated that fungal strains had the main role in bioremediation of petroleum-polluted soils, but plant roots enhanced the process.
受石油污染的土壤是许多国家常见的灾害。土壤中石油污染的生物修复是基于刺激石油烃降解真菌和微生物群落。在一个受石油污染的地点进行了一项现场研究，以寻找耐石油的植物及其根相关真菌菌株，用于生物修复受石油污染的土壤。结果和观察表明，无植被土壤中的石油污染量是植被土壤的数倍。使用形态特征对从石油污染地区采集的植物进行鉴定。结果表明，有七种植物生长在污染地区：Alhaji cameleron L.（豆科）、Amaranthus retroflexus L. var. retroflexus（苋科）、Convolvulus arvensis L.（旋花科）、Chrozophora hierosolymitana Spreg.（大戟科）、Noea mucronata L.（紫草科）、Poa sp.（禾本科）和Polygonum aviculare L.（蓼科）。每种植物的根相关真菌都已确定，结果表明有 11 种真菌与生长在污染地区的植物根系相互作用并穿透植物根系。Altenaria sp. 是所有植物共有的，而其他真菌则在植物内具有特定的分布。在受污染地区，P. aviculare 和 Poa sp. 中确定的真菌种类最多（六种）。然而，与非污染地区相比，从石油污染地区采集的植物中真菌菌株的变异更大。在含油污染培养基中培养真菌表明，所有研究的真菌都能耐受低浓度的石油污染（1%v/v），少数真菌，特别是镰刀菌属真菌，能耐受更高浓度的石油污染（10%v/v），可能适合在高度污染地区进行生物修复。用 P. aviculare 进行生物修复试验，有无真菌菌株，结果表明，同时应用植物及其根相关真菌菌株比单独应用植物和真菌更有效，而镰刀菌属真菌的效果最好。结果表明，真菌菌株在石油污染土壤的生物修复中起主要作用，但植物根系增强了这一过程。
