Duncan Andrew J, Heales Simon J R
Division of Neurochemistry and Neurometabolic Unit, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom.
Mol Aspects Med. 2005 Feb-Apr;26(1-2):67-96. doi: 10.1016/j.mam.2004.09.004. Epub 2005 Jan 24.
This article aims to give a broad overview of some of the potential targets for nitric oxide (NO) in the brain. The relevance of NO in both physiological and pathological scenarios is considerable. There is substantial evidence that neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, involve NO in their pathogenesis. Here we describe a number of cellular components which may be affected by NO, with particular relevance to neurological diseases. As the mitochondrion (in particular the electron transport chain) would appear to be of importance when considering the deleterious effects of NO, this review has a particular emphasis on that organelle. Cellular and mitochondrial antioxidants such as glutathione and ubiquinone are also discussed. In addition, the pivotal role of the astrocyte in both neuroprotection or neurodegeneration are examined.
本文旨在对大脑中一氧化氮（NO）的一些潜在作用靶点进行广泛概述。NO在生理和病理情况下都具有重要意义。有大量证据表明，神经退行性疾病如阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病，其发病机制涉及NO。在此，我们描述了一些可能受NO影响的细胞成分，这些成分与神经疾病尤其相关。由于在考虑NO的有害作用时，线粒体（特别是电子传递链）似乎很重要，因此本综述特别强调该细胞器。还讨论了细胞和线粒体抗氧化剂，如谷胱甘肽和泛醌。此外，还研究了星形胶质细胞在神经保护和神经退行性变中的关键作用。
