Penifuranone A: A Novel Alkaloid from the Mangrove Endophytic Fungus SCNU-F0006.

One previously undescribed alkaloid, named penifuranone A (), and three known compounds (-) were isolated from the mangrove endophytic fungus SCNU-F0006. The structure of the new alkaloid () was elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic data analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Four natural isolates and one new synthetic derivative of penifuranone A, compound , were screened for their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Bioassays revealed that penifuranone A () exhibited strong anti-inflammatory activity in vitro by inhibiting nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW264.7 cells with an IC value of 42.2 μM. The docking study revealed that compound exhibited an ideal fit within the active site of the murine inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), establishing characteristic hydrogen bonds.