Munch Jakob Roland, Svarer Michael
Institute of Economics, University of Copenhagen, Studiestraede 6, DK-1455 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
Econ Hum Biol. 2005 Mar;3(1):17-32. doi: 10.1016/j.ehb.2004.10.001. Epub 2004 Dec 13.
This paper explores how mortality is related to such socio-economic factors as education, occupation, skill level and income for the years 1992-1997 using an extensive sample of the Danish population. We employ a competing risks proportional hazard model to allow for different causes of death. This method is important as some factors have unequal (and sometimes opposite) influence on the cause-specific mortality rates. We find that the often-found inverse correlation between socio-economic status and mortality is to a large degree absent among Danish women who die of cancer. In addition, for men the negative correlation between socio-economic status and mortality prevails for some diseases, but for women we find that factors such as being married, income, wealth and education are not significantly associated with higher life expectancy. Marriage increases the likelihood of dying from cancer for women, early retirement prolongs survival for men, and homeownership increases life expectancy in general.
本文利用丹麦人口的大量样本，探讨了1992年至1997年间死亡率与教育、职业、技能水平和收入等社会经济因素之间的关系。我们采用竞争风险比例风险模型来考虑不同的死亡原因。这种方法很重要，因为一些因素对特定原因死亡率的影响是不平等的（有时甚至是相反的）。我们发现，在死于癌症的丹麦女性中，社会经济地位与死亡率之间通常存在的负相关在很大程度上并不存在。此外，对于男性来说，社会经济地位与死亡率之间的负相关在某些疾病中普遍存在，但对于女性，我们发现结婚、收入、财富和教育等因素与更高的预期寿命没有显著关联。婚姻增加了女性死于癌症的可能性，提前退休延长了男性的生存期，而拥有自有住房总体上会增加预期寿命。
