Islam Sondos M S, Johnson Carl Anderson
Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Alhambra, CA 91803, USA.
Health Promot Int. 2005 Jun;20(2):135-45. doi: 10.1093/heapro/dah604. Epub 2005 Feb 18.
The morbidity and mortality associated with cigarette smoking is shifting from the developed world to developing countries, especially developing Arab countries. One such country is Egypt, which has the highest rate of tobacco consumption in the Arab world. To curb the rising smoking epidemic in Egypt, appropriate adolescent smoking prevention programs need to be developed. Most of the effective adolescent smoking prevention programs are based on the social influence approach, which targets the proximal psychosocial variables believed to promote adolescent smoking. However, most of our understanding of adolescents' psychosocial smoking risk factors is based mainly on Western studies. Whether these factors have the same influence on Egyptian adolescents' smoking behavior has not been investigated to date. An understanding of the psychosocial correlates of smoking behavior among Egyptian adolescents may help in designing the appropriate smoking prevention program aimed at this population. This study reports the results of a cross-sectional survey administered to a random sample of 1930 students in grades 7, 9 and 12 in the city of Alexandria, Egypt, in May 2003. Adolescent smoking behavior was positively associated with positive beliefs about smoking, sibling, parent and peer smoking, and social smoking norms, with sibling smoking and perceived adult smoking norms having a stronger influence on adolescents' smoking behavior than peer smoking and perceived peer smoking norms. Refusal self-efficacy was protective against smoking behavior, while knowledge of the short-term negative consequences of smoking was protective against susceptibility to future smoking among females only. The results suggest that adolescents from collective cultures, like Egypt, are more influenced by their family's smoking behavior and perceived adult smoking norms than their peers' smoking behavior and perceived peer smoking norms. Smoking prevention programs aimed at Egyptian adolescents should be accompanied by smoking cessation programs for the family and adult community members.
与吸烟相关的发病率和死亡率正从发达国家转向发展中国家，尤其是阿拉伯发展中国家。埃及就是这样一个国家，它是阿拉伯世界烟草消费率最高的国家。为了遏制埃及吸烟流行率的上升，需要制定适当的青少年吸烟预防计划。大多数有效的青少年吸烟预防计划都基于社会影响方法，该方法针对那些被认为会促使青少年吸烟的近端心理社会变量。然而，我们对青少年心理社会吸烟风险因素的大多数理解主要基于西方研究。迄今为止，这些因素对埃及青少年吸烟行为是否有同样的影响尚未得到研究。了解埃及青少年吸烟行为的心理社会相关因素可能有助于设计针对这一人群的适当吸烟预防计划。本研究报告了2003年5月对埃及亚历山大市1930名7年级、9年级和12年级学生的随机样本进行横断面调查的结果。青少年吸烟行为与对吸烟的积极信念、兄弟姐妹、父母和同伴吸烟以及社会吸烟规范呈正相关，其中兄弟姐妹吸烟和感知到的成人吸烟规范对青少年吸烟行为的影响比对同伴吸烟和感知到的同伴吸烟规范的影响更大。拒绝自我效能感对吸烟行为有预防作用，而对吸烟短期负面后果的了解仅对女性未来吸烟易感性有预防作用。结果表明，像埃及这样集体文化背景下的青少年，受其家庭吸烟行为和感知到的成人吸烟规范的影响比受同伴吸烟行为和感知到的同伴吸烟规范影响更大。针对埃及青少年的吸烟预防计划应同时伴有针对家庭和成年社区成员的戒烟计划。
