Turkoski Beatrice B
Graduate Faculty-Advanced Practice Nursing, Kent State University College of Nursing, Kent, OH, USA.
Orthop Nurs. 2005 Jan-Feb;24(1):40-6; quiz 47-8. doi: 10.1097/00006416-200501000-00012.
Since the beginning of time, infections have been a major cause of disability and death of humans in every part of the world. For centuries, little was known about what caused infection, how to prevent infection, or how to cure infection. With the discovery of sulfa and penicillin in the 1930s, the ability to fight infection became reality. During the next six decades, antimicrobials were developed to fight bacterial, fungal, and viral infections. It truly seemed as if the battle against infection was won, until the rapid and global spread of drug resistance began to threaten the effectiveness of all currently available antimicrobials. A new phase of the war against infection began, and the search for methods of reducing the spread of drug resistance began. Today, it is apparent that identifying the agents of infection, understanding how antimicrobials are targeted against specific infectious organisms, and practicing the judicious application of antimicrobials will help reduce the threat of continued escalation of antimicrobial resistance. Part 1 of this three-part series will provide an overview of how antimicrobials are designed to target specific agents of infection and how drug resistance develops. Parts 2 and 3 will examine individual antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral agents and the recommendations for their appropriate use.
自人类诞生以来，感染一直是世界各地人类致残和死亡的主要原因。几个世纪以来，人们对感染的成因、如何预防感染或如何治疗感染知之甚少。随着20世纪30年代磺胺类药物和青霉素的发现，对抗感染的能力成为了现实。在接下来的六十年里，人们开发了抗菌药物来对抗细菌、真菌和病毒感染。直到耐药性在全球迅速蔓延开始威胁到所有现有抗菌药物的有效性之前，对抗感染的这场战斗似乎真的胜利了。对抗感染战争的一个新阶段开始了，人们开始寻找减少耐药性传播的方法。如今，很明显，识别感染源、了解抗菌药物如何针对特定感染生物以及合理使用抗菌药物将有助于降低抗菌药物耐药性持续升级的威胁。这个三部分系列的第一部分将概述抗菌药物是如何设计以针对特定感染源的，以及耐药性是如何产生的。第二部分和第三部分将研究各类抗菌、抗真菌和抗病毒药物以及它们合理使用的建议。
