Lindholm Torun
Stockholm University, Eskilstuna, Sweden.
Memory. 2005 Jan;13(1):21-30. doi: 10.1080/09658210344000549.
Two experiments examined own-age biases in younger adults', older adults', and children's verbal person memory. In line with findings from face recognition studies, Experiment 1 showed that younger adults had a better recall of own-age than of other-age targets, while older adults were unaffected by target age. Participants' self-reported interest in targets did not predict target memory. Experiment 2, which examined children's and younger adults' memory of own- and other-age targets, showed an own-age advantage in children's but not in younger adults' verbal person memory. Differences in expertise of own-/other-age targets, in combination with a development of expertise throughout the lifespan, may account for the findings, although alternative explanations should be considered. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
两项实验研究了年轻人、老年人和儿童在言语人物记忆方面的年龄内群体偏差。与面部识别研究的结果一致，实验1表明，年轻人对同龄人目标的回忆比对其他年龄段目标的回忆更好，而老年人不受目标年龄的影响。参与者自我报告的对目标的兴趣并不能预测目标记忆。实验2研究了儿童和年轻人对同龄人和其他年龄段目标的记忆，结果显示，在言语人物记忆方面，儿童存在年龄内群体优势，而年轻人则没有。尽管应该考虑其他解释，但对同龄/其他年龄段目标的专业知识差异，以及一生中专业知识的发展，可能是这些结果的原因。本文还讨论了这些结果对理论和实践的启示。
