Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
Memory. 2011 Jul;19(5):429-48. doi: 10.1080/09658211.2011.583929. Epub 2011 Jul 25.
Three studies examined whether younger and older adults better recall information associated with their own than information related to another age group. All studies compared young and older adults with respect to incidental memory for previously presented stimuli (Studies 1 and 2: everyday objects; Study 3: vacation advertisements) that had been randomly paired with an age-related cue (e.g., photo of a young or an old person; the word "young" or "old"). All three studies found the expected interaction of participants' age and age-associated information. Studies 1 and 2 showed that the memory bias for information arbitrarily associated with one's own as compared to another age group was significant for older adults only. However, when age-relevance was introduced in a context of equal importance to younger and older adults (information about vacations paired either with pictures of young or older adults), the memory bias for one's own age group was clearly present for both younger and older adults (Study 3).
三项研究考察了年轻人和老年人是否更能回忆起与自己相关的信息，而不是与另一个年龄组相关的信息。所有研究都比较了年轻人和老年人对先前呈现的刺激（研究 1 和 2：日常用品；研究 3：度假广告）的偶然记忆，这些刺激与年龄相关的线索（例如，年轻人或老年人的照片；单词“年轻”或“年老”）随机配对。这三项研究都发现了参与者年龄和与年龄相关信息的预期交互作用。研究 1 和 2 表明，与另一个年龄组相比，与自己任意相关的信息的记忆偏差仅在老年人中显著。然而，当年龄相关性在对年轻人和老年人同等重要的背景下引入（与年轻或老年的照片配对的度假信息）时，对自己年龄组的记忆偏差在年轻人和老年人中都很明显（研究 3）。
