Hulbert A J, Turner N, Storlien L H, Else P L
Metabolic Research Centre, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 2005 Feb;80(1):155-69. doi: 10.1017/s1464793104006578.
Lipids play varied and critical roles in metabolism, with function dramatically modulated by the individual fatty acid moities in complex lipid entities. In particular, the fatty acid composition of membrane lipids greatly influences membrane function. Here we consider the role of dietary fatty acid profile on membrane composition and, in turn, its impact on prevalent disease clusters of the metabolic syndrome and mental illness. Applying the classical physiological conformer-regulator paradigm to quantify the influence of dietary fats on membrane lipid composition (i.e. where the membrane variable is plotted against the same variable in the environment--in this case dietary fats), membrane lipid composition appears as a predominantly regulated parameter. Membranes remain relatively constant in their saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated (MUFA) fatty acid levels over a wide range of dietary variation for these fatty acids. Membrane composition was found to be more responsive to n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels in the diet and most sensitive to n-3 PUFA and to the n-3/n-6 ratio. These differential responses are probably due to the fact that both n-6 and n-3 PUFA classes cannot be synthesised de novo by higher animals. Diet-induced modifications in membrane lipid composition are associated with changes in the rates of membrane-linked cellular processes that are major contributors to energy metabolism. For example, in the intrinsic activity of fundamental processes such as the Na+/K+ pump and proton pump-leak cycle. Equally, dietary lipid profile impacts substantially on diseases of the metabolic syndrome with evidence accruing for changes in metabolic rate and neuropeptide regulation (thus influencing both sides of the energy balance equation), in second messenger generation and in gene expression influencing a range of glucose and lipid handling pathways. Finally, there is a growing literature relating changes in dietary fatty acid profile to many aspects of mental health. The understanding of dietary lipid profile and its influence on membrane function in relation to metabolic dysregulation has exciting potential for the prevention and treatment of a range of prevalent disease states.
脂质在新陈代谢中发挥着多样且关键的作用，其功能会因复合脂质实体中各个脂肪酸部分而受到显著调节。特别是，膜脂的脂肪酸组成极大地影响膜功能。在此，我们探讨膳食脂肪酸谱对膜组成的作用，以及进而对代谢综合征和精神疾病等常见疾病群的影响。应用经典的生理构象调节范式来量化膳食脂肪对膜脂组成的影响（即膜变量与环境中的相同变量——在此为膳食脂肪——进行绘图），膜脂组成似乎是一个主要受调节的参数。在这些脂肪酸的广泛膳食变化范围内，膜的饱和脂肪酸（SFA）和单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）水平相对保持恒定。研究发现，膜组成对饮食中n - 6和n - 3多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）水平更敏感，对n - 3 PUFA和n - 3/n - 6比例最为敏感。这些差异反应可能是由于n - 6和n - 3 PUFA类别均无法由高等动物从头合成。饮食诱导的膜脂组成变化与膜相关细胞过程速率的改变有关，而这些过程是能量代谢的主要贡献者。例如，在诸如钠钾泵和质子泵 - 渗漏循环等基本过程的内在活性方面。同样，膳食脂质谱对代谢综合征疾病有重大影响，有证据表明代谢率和神经肽调节发生变化（从而影响能量平衡方程的两个方面）、第二信使生成以及影响一系列葡萄糖和脂质处理途径的基因表达发生变化。最后，越来越多的文献将膳食脂肪酸谱的变化与心理健康的多个方面联系起来。了解膳食脂质谱及其对与代谢失调相关的膜功能的影响，对于一系列常见疾病状态的预防和治疗具有令人兴奋的潜力。
