Baltieri Danilo Antonio, Strain Eric C, Dias João Carlos, Scivoletto Sandra, Malbergier André, Nicastri Sérgio, Jerônimo Cláudio, Andrade Arthur Guerra de
Departamento de Dependência Química, Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria, Brazil.
Braz J Psychiatry. 2004 Dec;26(4):259-69. doi: 10.1590/s1516-44462004000400011. Epub 2005 Feb 23.
There is a relatively low prevalence of opioid use in Brazil, particularly involving the non-medical use of codeine and opiate-containing syrups. However, opioid dependence syndrome shows a significant total impact on mortality and morbidity. Over the past 20 years, scientific progress has changed our understanding of the nature of opioid addiction and its various possible treatments. Addiction is a chronic illness treatable if the treatment is well-delivered and tailored to the needs of the particular patient. There is indeed an array of treatments that can effectively reduce drug use, help manage drug cravings, prevent relapses and restore people to productive social functioning. The treatment of drug addiction will be part of long-term, medical, psychological, and social perspectives. This guideline aims at providing guidance to psychiatrists and other mental health professionals who care for patients with opioid dependence syndrome. It comments on the somatic and psychosocial treatment that is used for such patients, and reviews scientific evidences and their strength. Also, the essential historical, epidemiological and neurobiological aspects of opioid dependence are reviewed.
在巴西，阿片类药物的使用 prevalence 相对较低，尤其是涉及可待因和含阿片类糖浆的非医疗用途。然而，阿片类药物依赖综合征对死亡率和发病率产生了重大的总体影响。在过去20年里，科学进展改变了我们对阿片类药物成瘾本质及其各种可能治疗方法的理解。成瘾是一种慢性疾病，如果治疗得当且根据特定患者的需求进行调整，是可以治疗的。确实有一系列治疗方法可以有效减少药物使用、帮助控制药物渴望、预防复发并使人们恢复到有生产性的社会功能状态。药物成瘾的治疗将从长期的医学、心理和社会角度进行。本指南旨在为照顾阿片类药物依赖综合征患者的精神科医生和其他心理健康专业人员提供指导。它对用于此类患者的躯体和心理社会治疗进行了评论，并审查了科学证据及其力度。此外，还回顾了阿片类药物依赖的重要历史、流行病学和神经生物学方面。
