Milos M F, Macris D
National Organization of Circumcision Information Resource Centers, San Anselmo, CA 94979-2512.
J Nurse Midwifery. 1992 Mar-Apr;37(2 Suppl):87S-96S. doi: 10.1016/0091-2182(92)90012-r.
American parents and health care professionals are faced with medical/ethical dilemmas regarding whether or not to respect the natural integrity of the male newborn's body. In the English-speaking countries, where circumcision of infants was initially adopted to prevent masturbation, medical "reasons" were postulated to justify a practice most of the world has never considered. This resulted in a spectrum of medical recommendations for surgical removal of normal genital tissue in all male newborns to prevent diseases (foreskin inflammation, urinary tract infections, and sexually transmitted diseases) that could be effectively treated medically without the risks of surgery. Only by denying the existence of excruciating pain, perinatal encoding of the brain with violence, interruption of maternal-infant bonding, betrayal of infant trust, the risks and effects of permanently altering normal genitalia, the right of human beings to sexually intact and functional bodies, and the right to individual religious freedoms can human beings continue this practice.
美国的父母和医疗保健专业人员面临着有关是否尊重男婴身体自然完整性的医学/伦理困境。在英语国家，婴儿包皮环切术最初是为了防止手淫而采用的，人们提出了医学“理由”来为一种世界上大多数地方从未考虑过的做法辩护。这导致了一系列关于对所有男婴进行手术切除正常生殖组织以预防疾病（包皮炎、尿路感染和性传播疾病）的医学建议，而这些疾病可以通过医学手段有效治疗，且无需承担手术风险。只有否认极度疼痛的存在、暴力对大脑的围产期编码、母婴情感联结的中断、对婴儿信任的背叛、永久改变正常生殖器的风险和影响、人类拥有性完整和功能正常身体的权利以及个人宗教自由的权利，人类才能继续这种做法。
