López-Marcos Joaquín Francisco, García-Valle Silvia, García-Iglesias Angel Agustín
Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad de Salamanca.
Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2005 Mar-Apr;10(2):132-41.
Currently, an important number of women use HRT to control their hormonal problems during menopause. A large percentage of these have problems at periodontal level. The present study aims at examining the effects that menopause, due to a decline in the synthesis of hormones, mainly of estrogens, can cause on the oral dental health of such women; in particular on the characteristics of the gingiva and periodontium, checking whether characteristics such as gingival recession, pain, tooth mobility and periodontal pocket formation might permit physicians to evaluate the degree of bone loss in menopausal woman.
Menopausal women aged 40 to 58 years of age undergoing hormone replacement therapy that had gingival periodontal disturbances. The total population of the study comprised 210 patients, divided into two groups. One group received HRT administered in patches and the other group did not receive this therapy.
Gynecologic and odonto-stomatologic protocols were established for data collection. In order to assess the efficacy of the treatment a descriptive statistical study for sociodemographic variables, analysis of variance, McNemar's test and the Stuart-Maxwell test were performed.
The mean age of the patients studied was 49.6 years. HRT acts as a protective factor in dental pain and improves tooth mobility and depth of the probing of periodontal pockets. With respect to the variable gingival recession, no significant results were found either for the group not receiving HRT or for the group being treated with patches.
The response to the HR therapy in periodontal disease is probably due to the existence of estrogen receptors localized in the gingiva and in the periodontal ligament.
目前，有相当数量的女性使用激素替代疗法（HRT）来控制更年期期间的激素问题。其中很大一部分人存在牙周问题。本研究旨在探讨由于激素合成减少，主要是雌激素合成减少导致的更年期对这些女性口腔牙齿健康的影响；特别是对牙龈和牙周组织特征的影响，检查牙龈退缩、疼痛、牙齿松动和牙周袋形成等特征是否能让医生评估更年期女性的骨质流失程度。
年龄在40至58岁之间接受激素替代疗法且存在牙龈牙周问题的更年期女性。研究总人群包括210名患者，分为两组。一组接受经皮给药的激素替代疗法，另一组未接受该疗法。
制定了妇科和口腔医学方案用于数据收集。为了评估治疗效果，对社会人口统计学变量进行了描述性统计研究、方差分析、麦克尼马尔检验和斯图尔特 - 麦克斯韦检验。
所研究患者的平均年龄为49.6岁。激素替代疗法在缓解牙齿疼痛方面起到保护作用，并改善牙齿松动和牙周袋探诊深度。关于牙龈退缩变量，未接受激素替代疗法的组和接受经皮给药治疗的组均未发现显著结果。
牙周疾病对激素替代疗法的反应可能是由于牙龈和牙周韧带中存在雌激素受体。
