Toyota Hiroshi, Kikuchi Yasuko
Department of Psychology, Nara University of Education, Nara-City, 630-8528 Japan.
Percept Mot Skills. 2004 Dec;99(3 Pt 2):1193-200. doi: 10.2466/pms.99.3f.1193-1200.
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of self-generated elaboration on incidental memory as a function of type of presentation (massed vs spacing). Subjects generated answers to "why" questions for target sentences in a self-generated elaboration condition. They then rated the appropriateness of the answers to the questions presented by the experimenter in an experimenter-provided elaboration condition. This procedure was followed by free recall tests. The target sentences were presented twice, in either a massed presentation without intervening items between the first and the second presentation or spaced presentation in which 5 items appeared between the two presentations. The self-generated elaboration effect, namely, higher recall, of self-generated elaboration over experimenter-provided elaboration, occurred with spaced but not with massed presentation. So, self-generated elaboration was facilitated in the spaced presentation because the time between the first and the second presentations led to richer encoding of each target.
本研究的目的是探讨自我生成的详尽阐述对附带记忆的影响，该影响作为呈现类型（集中呈现与间隔呈现）的函数。在自我生成的详尽阐述条件下，受试者针对目标句子回答“为什么”的问题。然后，在实验者提供的详尽阐述条件下，他们对实验者提出的问题的答案的恰当性进行评分。此程序之后进行自由回忆测试。目标句子呈现两次，要么是集中呈现，即第一次和第二次呈现之间没有插入项目；要么是间隔呈现，即两次呈现之间出现5个项目。自我生成的详尽阐述效应，即自我生成的详尽阐述比实验者提供的详尽阐述有更高的回忆率，在间隔呈现而非集中呈现时出现。所以，在间隔呈现中自我生成的详尽阐述得到促进，因为第一次和第二次呈现之间的时间导致对每个目标进行更丰富的编码。
