Uematsu Satoshi, Akira Shizuo
Department of Host defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan.
Uirusu. 2004 Dec;54(2):145-51. doi: 10.2222/jsv.54.145.
The immune system has been divided into innate and adaptive component, each of which has different roles and functions in defending the organism against foreign agents, such as bacteria and viruses. An important advance in our understanding of early events in microbial recognition and subsequent development of immune responses was the identification of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) as key molecules of the innate immune systems. The family of TLRs in vertebrates detects conserved structures found in a broad range of pathogens and triggers innate immune responses. At present, 11 members of the TLR family have been identified. A subset of TLRs recognize viral components and induce antiviral responses by producing type I interferons. Recent accumulating evidence has clarified signaling pathways triggered by TLRs in viral infection.
免疫系统已被分为先天性和适应性组成部分，它们在保护机体抵御诸如细菌和病毒等外来病原体方面各自具有不同的作用和功能。我们对微生物识别早期事件以及随后免疫反应发展的理解取得的一项重要进展是，将Toll样受体（TLRs）鉴定为先天性免疫系统的关键分子。脊椎动物中的TLR家族可检测多种病原体中发现的保守结构，并触发先天性免疫反应。目前，已鉴定出TLR家族的11个成员。一部分TLR识别病毒成分，并通过产生I型干扰素诱导抗病毒反应。最近积累的证据阐明了病毒感染中TLR触发的信号通路。
