Liedberg Birgitta, Stoltze Kaj, Owall Bengt
Department of Oral Diagnosis, Oral Health Centre, University of Malmö, Malmö, Sweden.
Gerodontology. 2005 Mar;22(1):10-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-2358.2004.00050.x.
This study aimed at describing the masticatory handicap of wearing removable dentures measured by some masticatory tests and the intake of hard and soft foods.
The subjects were participants in a comprehensive health examination of 67-68-year-old men living in Malmö, Sweden. Four hundred eighty-three men took part in a clinical oral examination which recorded the number of teeth and removable dentures. One hundred and one had complete dentures in both jaws and 131 had removable partial dentures in different combinations. Masticatory tests used almonds to record the number of stokes to the first swallow, and two-coloured chewing gums for recording bolus kneading and shaping. A nutritionist paid a home visit to assess dietary habits including the consumption of hard and soft foods. The data could be split into groups of different tooth and denture situations which were large enough to enable statistical analysis to be carried out. The results of a regression analysis of the group with different numbers of natural teeth (NT) and no removable dentures could be used as a reference for correlation with the masticatory capacity of removable denture wearers.
Number of strokes to the first swallow revealed no masticatory limitations of wearing removable dentures, while chewing gum colour-mixing and shaping revealed more differentiated impairments equivalent to the function of five to 16 teeth in a remaining natural dentition. Hard food intake for the removable denture groups was comparable to 17-19 NT. Soft food intake was not influenced by denture wearing. In a ranking of oral conditions, those with more than 24 NT had the highest test values for all tests, and those with complete sets of dentures the lowest except for the number of strokes to the first swallow of an almond.
Removable denture wearing can be regarded as a handicap when measured with objective masticatory tests using chewing gum and the intake of hard foods. The number of chewing strokes to the first swallow of an almond and the intake of soft foods is not affected by the wearing of removable dentures.
本研究旨在通过一些咀嚼测试以及硬质和软质食物的摄入量来描述佩戴可摘义齿的咀嚼功能障碍。
研究对象为瑞典马尔默67 - 68岁男性综合健康检查的参与者。483名男性接受了临床口腔检查，记录了牙齿数量和可摘义齿情况。101人上下颌均为全口义齿，131人有不同组合的可摘局部义齿。咀嚼测试使用杏仁记录首次吞咽前的咀嚼次数，使用双色口香糖记录食团揉捏和塑形情况。一名营养师进行家访以评估饮食习惯，包括硬质和软质食物的摄入量。数据可分为不同牙齿和义齿情况的组，每组规模足够大，能够进行统计分析。天然牙数量不同且无可摘义齿组的回归分析结果可作为与可摘义齿佩戴者咀嚼能力相关性的参考。
首次吞咽前的咀嚼次数显示佩戴可摘义齿无咀嚼限制，而口香糖颜色混合和塑形显示出更明显的功能障碍，相当于剩余天然牙列中5至16颗牙齿的功能。可摘义齿组的硬质食物摄入量与17 - 19颗天然牙相当。软质食物摄入量不受义齿佩戴影响。在口腔状况排名中，天然牙超过24颗的人在所有测试中的测试值最高，全口义齿者除杏仁首次吞咽的咀嚼次数外测试值最低。
当使用口香糖进行客观咀嚼测试和测量硬质食物摄入量时，佩戴可摘义齿可被视为一种功能障碍。杏仁首次吞咽的咀嚼次数和软质食物摄入量不受可摘义齿佩戴的影响。
