Carroll P R, Dixon C M
Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine.
Urol Clin North Am. 1992 May;19(2):339-46.
The urethra is lined by transitional and stratified columnar epithelium. The urethra can be divided into both anatomic (prostatic, membranous, bulbar, and pendulous) and functional (anterior and posterior) segments. In the male, the anterior urethra is contained within the corpus spongiosum and penis. The urethra in the male and female is located within the urogenital triangle and pierces the superficial and deep perineal spaces of the pelvic floor. The urethra is surrounded by perineal and pelvic musculature that provide support and also form the urethral sphincter mechanism. Cancers of the anterior urethra preferentially drain into superficial inguinal lymph node channels. Those of the posterior urethra (prostatic, membranous, and bulbar segments in the male and the proximal two thirds of the urethra in the female) generally drain into pelvic lymphatic channels. A thorough knowledge of urethral and regional anatomy allows for complete tumor excision, optimal reconstruction, and in selected cases, restoration of urinary tract function.
尿道由移行上皮和复层柱状上皮衬里。尿道可分为解剖学（前列腺部、膜部、球部和悬垂部）和功能性（前部和后部）节段。在男性，前尿道位于海绵体和阴茎内。男性和女性的尿道位于尿生殖三角内，并穿过盆底的浅会阴间隙和深会阴间隙。尿道被会阴和盆腔肌肉组织包围，这些肌肉组织提供支撑并形成尿道括约肌机制。前尿道癌优先引流至腹股沟浅淋巴结通道。后尿道癌（男性的前列腺部、膜部和球部节段以及女性尿道近端三分之二）通常引流至盆腔淋巴管。对尿道及区域解剖结构的透彻了解有助于完整切除肿瘤、进行最佳重建，并在某些情况下恢复尿路功能。
