Counts M E, Morton M J, Laffoon S W, Cox R H, Lipowicz P J
Philip Morris USA Research Center, 4201 Commerce Road, Richmond, VA 23234, USA.
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2005 Apr;41(3):185-227. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2004.12.002. Epub 2005 Jan 26.
The study objectives were to determine the effects of smoking machine puffing parameters on mainstream smoke composition and to express those effects as predicting relationships. Forty-eight commercial Philip Morris USA and Philip Morris International cigarettes from international markets and the 1R4F reference cigarette were machine-smoked using smoking conditions defined by the International Organization of Standardization (ISO), the Massachusetts Department of Public Health (MDPH), and Health Canada (HC). Cigarette tobacco fillers were analyzed for nitrate, nicotine, tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA), and ammonia. Mainstream yields for tar and 44 individual smoke constituents and "smoke pH" were determined. Cigarette constituent yields typically increased in the order ISO<MDPH<HC. Relative yield increases were generally greater for cigarettes with higher initial filter ventilation and were also generally greater for vapor-phase constituents than for particulate-phase constituents. Predicting relationships were developed between ISO tar and ISO, MDPH, and HC constituent yields and between MDPH tar and HC tar and respective smoking condition yields. MDPH and HC constituent yields could be predicted with similar reliability using ISO tar or the corresponding smoking-condition tar. The reliability of the relationships varied from strong to weak, depending on particular constituents. Weak predicting relationships for nitrogen oxides and TSNA's, for example, were improved with inclusion of tobacco filler composition factors. "Smoke pH" was similar for all cigarettes at any one smoking condition, and overall marginally lower at HC conditions than at ISO or MDPH conditions.
该研究的目的是确定吸烟机抽吸参数对主流烟气成分的影响，并将这些影响表示为预测关系。使用国际标准化组织（ISO）、马萨诸塞州公共卫生部（MDPH）和加拿大卫生部（HC）定义的吸烟条件，对来自国际市场的48种美国菲利普·莫里斯公司和菲利普·莫里斯国际公司的商业卷烟以及1R4F参考卷烟进行了机器抽吸。对卷烟烟草填充物进行了硝酸盐、尼古丁、烟草特有亚硝胺（TSNA）和氨的分析。测定了焦油和44种单一烟气成分的主流产率以及“烟气pH值”。卷烟成分产率通常按ISO＜MDPH＜HC的顺序增加。对于初始滤嘴通风率较高的卷烟，相对产率增加通常更大，而且对于气相成分来说，相对产率增加通常也比对颗粒相成分更大。建立了ISO焦油与ISO、MDPH和HC成分产率之间以及MDPH焦油与HC焦油和各自吸烟条件产率之间的预测关系。使用ISO焦油或相应吸烟条件下的焦油，可以以类似的可靠性预测MDPH和HC成分产率。根据特定成分的不同，这些关系的可靠性从强到弱各不相同。例如，对于氮氧化物和TSNA，通过纳入烟草填充物成分因素，其较弱的预测关系得到了改善。在任何一种吸烟条件下，所有卷烟的“烟气pH值”都相似，总体上在HC条件下略低于在ISO或MDPH条件下。
