Halliday Henry L
Regional Neonatal Unit, Royal Maternity Hospital, Belfast and Department of Child Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Grosvenor Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT12 6BB, UK.
Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2005 Feb;19(1):155-66. doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2004.10.014. Epub 2004 Dec 23.
Randomized controlled trials were introduced into neonatal care in the 1950s when high inspired oxygen concentrations were discovered to be the cause of an epidemic of blindness in preterm babies due to retinopathy of prematurity. Systematic reviews of many randomized controlled trials were published in an important textbook in 1992, 'Effective Care of the Newborn Infant', which was the starting point for the Neonatal Module of the Cochrane Collaboration. The 171 systematic reviews of interventions in neonatology published in the Cochrane Library provide evidence for neonatal care in many areas of the speciality. Some areas, such as management of respiratory distress with surfactant and assisted ventilation, are well covered by reviews, but others, such as resuscitation at birth and management of jaundice, are much less evidence based. Most of the systematic reviews deal with neonatal care in the developed world, and there are only a few of interest to carers in the developing world.
20世纪50年代，随机对照试验被引入新生儿护理领域，当时人们发现高浓度吸氧是导致早产儿因早产儿视网膜病变而失明流行的原因。1992年，一本重要的教科书《新生儿的有效护理》发表了许多随机对照试验的系统评价，这是Cochrane协作网新生儿模块的起点。Cochrane图书馆发表的171篇新生儿学干预措施系统评价为该专业许多领域的新生儿护理提供了证据。有些领域，如用表面活性剂和辅助通气治疗呼吸窘迫，有很多综述进行了充分覆盖，但其他领域，如出生时复苏和黄疸管理，则缺乏足够的循证依据。大多数系统评价涉及发达国家的新生儿护理，对发展中国家的护理人员来说，只有少数是感兴趣的。
