Fullerton Judith, Schuiling Kerri Durnell, Sipe Theresa Ann
Prject Concern International.
J Midwifery Womens Health. 2005 Mar-Apr;50(2):91-101. doi: 10.1016/j.jmwh.2004.11.007.
Each of the living presidents of the American College of Nurse-Midwives (ACNM), past and current, was asked to select one or more issues that were of particular importance during her term(s) in office. Some of the issues identified by the presidents were amenable to review using existing quantitative data; this article presents those findings. The substantial increase in growth of ACNM membership in the 1980s and 1990s as well as the plateau that occurred at the beginning of the 21st century is documented. The relationship between ACNM and the professions of nursing, medicine, and other public health providers is illustrated. The increase in the number of Certified Nurse-Midwife/Certified Midwife (CNM/CM) education programs and the evolution and current profile of curriculum models are discussed. Finally, expansion of the scope of midwifery practice and the growing number of opportunities for entrepreneurial practice are presented in terms of current practice profiles, practice sites and settings, various employer-employee relationships, and the variety of financial reimbursement streams. This article is intended to complement the broader body of information about ACNM's history, and particularly, to supplement the richness of information derived from the qualitative and historical research inquiries conducted by others.
美国助产士学院(ACNM)的每位在世的历任院长,无论过去还是现在,都被要求选出在其任期内特别重要的一个或多个问题。院长们确定的一些问题可以利用现有的定量数据进行审查;本文展示了这些研究结果。文中记录了20世纪80年代和90年代ACNM会员人数的大幅增长以及21世纪初出现的平稳状态。阐述了ACNM与护理、医学及其他公共卫生服务行业之间的关系。讨论了认证助产士/注册助产士(CNM/CM)教育项目数量的增加以及课程模式的演变和当前概况。最后,从当前的执业概况、执业地点和环境、各种雇主与雇员关系以及多种财务报销渠道等方面,介绍了助产士执业范围的扩大以及创业执业机会的增加。本文旨在补充有关ACNM历史的更广泛信息体系,特别是补充其他人进行的定性和历史研究所得信息的丰富性。