Komar Anton A, Hatzoglou Maria
Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
J Biol Chem. 2005 Jun 24;280(25):23425-8. doi: 10.1074/jbc.R400041200. Epub 2005 Mar 4.
Although studies on viral gene expression were essential for the discovery of internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs), it is becoming increasingly clear that IRES activities are present in a significant number of cellular mRNAs. Remarkably, many of these IRES elements initiate translation of mRNAs encoding proteins that protect cells from stress (when the translation of the vast majority of cellular mRNAs is significantly impaired). The purpose of this review is to summarize the progress on the discovery and function of cellular IRESs. Recent findings on the structures of these IRESs and specifically regulation of their activity during nutritional stress, differentiation, and mitosis will be discussed.
尽管关于病毒基因表达的研究对于发现内部核糖体进入位点（IRES）至关重要，但越来越明显的是，IRES活性存在于大量细胞mRNA中。值得注意的是，许多这些IRES元件启动了编码保护细胞免受应激的蛋白质的mRNA的翻译（此时绝大多数细胞mRNA的翻译受到显著损害）。本综述的目的是总结细胞IRES发现和功能方面的进展。将讨论这些IRES结构的最新发现，以及它们在营养应激、分化和有丝分裂过程中活性的具体调节。
