人乳头瘤病毒感染的流行病学

The epidemiology of human papillomavirus infections.

作者信息

Baseman Janet G, Koutsky Laura A

机构信息

UW HPV Research Group, Lake Union Place, Suite 300, 1914 N. 34th Street, Seattle, WA 98103, USA.

出版信息

J Clin Virol. 2005 Mar;32 Suppl 1:S16-24. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2004.12.008.

DOI:10.1016/j.jcv.2004.12.008

PMID:15753008

Abstract

Infection with oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) types is a necessary cause of cervical cancer, the second most frequently occurring cancer in women worldwide. Rates of acquisition of HPV are high, particularly among sexually active young adults. Reported estimates of incident HPV infection among initially negative women have reached as high as 60% over a 5-year follow-up period. In this article, we review the epidemiology of HPV infection. In addition to estimates of disease frequency, we highlight risk factors for HPV infection, including the number of lifetime sex partners, which is the most salient risk factor. We discuss significant issues surrounding the natural history of HPV infection, including viral persistence versus clearance, immune response, development of lesions and development of cancer. Finally, we discuss strategies for preventing HPV infection.

摘要

致癌性人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染是宫颈癌的必要病因，宫颈癌是全球女性中第二常见的癌症。HPV感染率很高，尤其是在性活跃的年轻人中。据报道，在5年的随访期内，初始检测为阴性的女性中HPV感染的发生率估计高达60%。在本文中，我们回顾了HPV感染的流行病学。除了疾病频率的估计外，我们还强调了HPV感染的危险因素，包括性伴侣数量，这是最显著的危险因素。我们讨论了围绕HPV感染自然史的重要问题，包括病毒持续存在与清除、免疫反应、病变发展和癌症发展。最后，我们讨论了预防HPV感染的策略。