纤维素酶、梭菌与乙醇。
Cellulase, clostridia, and ethanol.
作者信息
Demain Arnold L, Newcomb Michael, Wu J H David
机构信息
Charles A. Dana Research Institute for Scientists Emeriti, HS-330, Drew University, Madison, NJ 07940, USA.
出版信息
Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2005 Mar;69(1):124-54. doi: 10.1128/MMBR.69.1.124-154.2005.
Abstract
Biomass conversion to ethanol as a liquid fuel by the thermophilic and anaerobic clostridia offers a potential partial solution to the problem of the world's dependence on petroleum for energy. Coculture of a cellulolytic strain and a saccharolytic strain of Clostridium on agricultural resources, as well as on urban and industrial cellulosic wastes, is a promising approach to an alternate energy source from an economic viewpoint. This review discusses the need for such a process, the cellulases of clostridia, their presence in extracellular complexes or organelles (the cellulosomes), the binding of the cellulosomes to cellulose and to the cell surface, cellulase genetics, regulation of their synthesis, cocultures, ethanol tolerance, and metabolic pathway engineering for maximizing ethanol yield.
摘要
嗜热厌氧梭菌将生物质转化为乙醇作为液体燃料，为解决世界能源依赖石油的问题提供了一种潜在的部分解决方案。从经济角度来看，在农业资源以及城市和工业纤维素废物上共培养梭菌的纤维素分解菌株和糖分解菌株，是一种有前景的替代能源获取途径。本文综述了这种工艺的必要性、梭菌的纤维素酶、它们在细胞外复合物或细胞器（纤维小体）中的存在情况、纤维小体与纤维素及细胞表面的结合、纤维素酶遗传学、其合成的调控、共培养、乙醇耐受性以及为使乙醇产量最大化的代谢途径工程。
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