Biben M
Laboratory of Comparative Ethology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland.
Dev Psychobiol. 1992 Mar;25(2):79-92. doi: 10.1002/dev.420250202.
Three groups of squirrel monkeys, containing 1-3 infants (N = 7) and 4 adult females each, were observed weekly for the first 12 weeks of the infants' lives. Infants received approximately 100 vocalizations, mostly "caregiver" calls, per waking hour from their mothers and the other adult females with whom they were housed (allomothers). Mothers vocalized very little to their own infants during the first few weeks of life, when infants remain on the mother's back full-time. Instead, allomothers (who were often carrying their own dependent infants) vocalized copiously to others' very young infants. Infants responded vocally to these allomaternal caregiver calls as early as Day 1 but were less responsive to mothers. When infants began leaving the mothers' backs, mothers' rates of calling increased five-fold as they used caregiver calls to retrieve separated infants. Early vocalizing to infants involves them in their first social exchanges and is probably performed by allomothers rather than mothers because the infant rides dorsally in this genus.
将三组松鼠猴作为观察对象，每组包含1 - 3只幼猴（共7只）以及4只成年雌性松鼠猴。在幼猴出生后的前12周，每周对它们进行观察。幼猴在清醒时，每小时会从母亲及与其共同生活的其他成年雌性（异亲）那里接收到大约100次发声，其中大部分是“照料者”的叫声。在幼猴出生后的最初几周，当幼猴一直趴在母亲背上时，母亲对自己的幼猴发声很少。相反，异亲（她们自己通常也带着需要照料的幼猴）会频繁地对其他幼猴发声。幼猴早在出生第一天就会对这些异亲照料者的叫声做出声音回应，但对母亲的回应较少。当幼猴开始离开母亲的背部时，母亲的叫声频率增加了五倍，她们通过照料者的叫声来找回走散的幼猴。对幼猴早期发声使它们参与到最初的社交互动中，而且可能是由异亲而非母亲进行的，因为在这个物种中幼猴是趴在母亲背上的。
