尼日利亚东北部麻风病村失明和视力低下的患病率及病因
Prevalence and causes of blindness and low vision in leprosy villages of north eastern Nigeria.
作者信息
Mpyet C, Solomon A W
机构信息
Department of Ophthalmology, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria.
出版信息
Br J Ophthalmol. 2005 Apr;89(4):417-9. doi: 10.1136/bjo.2004.048777.
AIMS
To determine the prevalence and spectrum of ocular pathology, and the prevalence and causes of blindness and low vision in leprosy villages of north eastern Nigeria.
METHODS
People affected by leprosy, aged 30 years and above, resident in eight leprosy villages were invited to participate. Ocular examination was undertaken of each consenting individual.
RESULTS
480 people were examined. 456 (48%) of 960 eyes had at least one ocular lesion, but only 37% of all lesions were leprosy related and potentially sight threatening. The prevalence of blindness (VA<3/60 with available correction) was 10.4%. An additional 7.5% of subjects were severely visually impaired (3/60< or =VA<6/60). Cataract was the commonest cause of blindness. Other major causes were non-trachomatous corneal opacity and trachoma.
CONCLUSIONS
Blindness and low vision are highly prevalent among leprosy patients in this setting. Only a third of the burden of ocular pathology is related to the direct effects of leprosy. Efforts to reduce the backlog of cataract and trichiasis, to improve early detection and management of lagophthalmos, and to provide refractive services are urgently required.
目的
确定尼日利亚东北部麻风病村眼部病变的患病率和范围，以及失明和视力低下的患病率及病因。
方法
邀请居住在八个麻风病村、年龄30岁及以上的麻风病患者参与。对每位同意参与的个体进行眼部检查。
结果
共检查了480人。960只眼中有456只（48%）至少有一处眼部病变，但所有病变中只有37%与麻风病相关且有潜在视力威胁。失明（矫正后视力<3/60）的患病率为10.4%。另外7.5%的受试者有严重视力损害（3/60≤视力<6/60）。白内障是失明的最常见原因。其他主要原因是非沙眼性角膜混浊和沙眼。
结论
在这种情况下，麻风病患者中失明和视力低下非常普遍。眼部病变负担中只有三分之一与麻风病的直接影响有关。迫切需要努力减少白内障和倒睫积压病例，改善眼睑闭合不全的早期发现和管理，并提供屈光服务。
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