Moll A C, van der Linden A J, Hogeweg M, Schader W E, Hermans J, de Keizer R J
Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, State University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Br J Ophthalmol. 1994 Apr;78(4):275-9. doi: 10.1136/bjo.78.4.275.
A population based survey on the prevalence of major blinding disorders was conducted in the Wenchi district in central Ghana between March and May 1991. In 10 villages, 1425 people of 30 years and older were screened, using the WHO eye examination record. The prevalence of bilateral blindness above 30 years proved to be 1.7% (best acuity < 3/60): the prevalence of low vision above 30 years was 2.0% (best visual acuity 6/18 to 3/60). The causes of blindness were determined as cataract (62.5%), onchocerciasis (12.5%), corneal opacity (non-trachomatous) (8.2%), refraction anomalies (4.2%), phthisis bulbi (4.2%), optic atrophy (4.2%), and vascular retinopathy (4.2%). In the Wenchi district, 1.0% of the population over the age of 30 years was found to need a cataract extraction because of blindness of both eyes. Another potential 1.0% needs a cataract extraction because of low vision. A minor second study (n = 149) was undertaken in the same district, but in a village in an area near the Black Volta river in which onchocerciasis is endemic. The prevalence of blindness (8.1%) and low vision (3.4%) caused by onchocerciasis and cataract both proved to be higher. The survey provided the basis for a preventive and curative eye care programme.
1991年3月至5月期间，在加纳中部的温奇区开展了一项关于主要致盲疾病患病率的基于人群的调查。在10个村庄中，使用世界卫生组织的眼科检查记录对1425名30岁及以上的人群进行了筛查。结果显示，30岁以上人群中双眼失明的患病率为1.7%（最佳视力<3/60）；30岁以上人群中视力低下的患病率为2.0%（最佳视力为6/18至3/60）。失明的原因确定为白内障（62.5%）、盘尾丝虫病（12.5%）、角膜混浊（非沙眼性）（8.2%）、屈光不正（4.2%）、眼球痨（4.2%）、视神经萎缩（4.2%）和视网膜血管病变（4.2%）。在温奇区，发现30岁以上人群中有1.0%因双眼失明需要进行白内障摘除手术。另有1.0%因视力低下需要进行白内障摘除手术。在同一地区，但在黑沃尔特河附近一个盘尾丝虫病流行地区的村庄进行了一项规模较小的第二项研究（n = 149）。由盘尾丝虫病和白内障导致的失明（8.1%）和视力低下（3.4%）的患病率均更高。该调查为一项预防性和治疗性眼保健计划提供了依据。
