Harding Stephen E
NCMH Physical Biochemistry Laboratory, University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK.
Carbohydr Res. 2005 Apr 11;340(5):811-26. doi: 10.1016/j.carres.2005.01.027.
This article reviews some of the recent advances in analytical ultracentrifugation and how these advances have impacted--and can impact--on our understanding of the size, shape through conformation modelling, interactions and charge properties of polysaccharides in solution, particularly when used in combination with other solution techniques and also imaging techniques. Specifically we look at (1) polysaccharide polydispersity and simple shape analysis by sedimentation velocity, and in particular using new approaches such as SEDFIT analysis; (2) polysaccharide molecular-weight analysis by sedimentation equilibrium and MSTAR analysis and how this complements analysis of size exclusion chromatography coupled to multi-angle laser light scattering; (3) polysaccharide conformation analysis using traditional procedures such as the Wales-van Holde ratio, power law or 'scaling' relations, more specialised treatments for rigid cylindrical structures, semi-flexible chains and worm-like coils and complications through draining effects; (4) Analysis of polysaccharide interactions and in particular complex formation phenomena, focusing on interesting applications in the areas of mucoadhesion and sedimentation fingerprinting; and (5) the possibilities for macromolecular charge and charge screening measurement.
本文综述了分析超速离心技术的一些最新进展，以及这些进展如何影响——并可能影响——我们对溶液中多糖的大小、通过构象建模得到的形状、相互作用和电荷性质的理解，特别是当它与其他溶液技术以及成像技术结合使用时。具体来说，我们将探讨：（1）通过沉降速度进行多糖多分散性和简单形状分析，特别是使用如SEDFIT分析等新方法；（2）通过沉降平衡和MSTAR分析进行多糖分子量分析，以及这如何补充与多角度激光光散射联用的尺寸排阻色谱分析；（3）使用传统方法如威尔士-范霍尔德比率、幂律或“标度”关系进行多糖构象分析，对刚性圆柱形结构、半柔性链和蠕虫状螺旋的更专门处理以及因排水效应产生的复杂性；（4）多糖相互作用分析，特别是复合物形成现象，重点关注在粘膜粘附和沉降指纹识别领域的有趣应用；以及（5）大分子电荷和电荷筛选测量的可能性。
