Himes John H, Hannan Peter, Wall Melanie, Neumark-Sztainer Dianne
Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454-1015, USA.
Ann Epidemiol. 2005 Apr;15(4):272-8. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2004.08.010.
Obtaining stature, weight, and body mass index (BMI) from self-reports rather than by direct measurements is highly attractive economically and logistically, but there are few data available for adolescents that allow evaluation of potential sources of reporting bias. Because self-reports are based on self perceptions, personal characteristics of youth may be related to errors in reporting.
Differences between self-reported and measured stature, weight, and BMI were investigated for a sample of 3797 Minnesota youth, 12 to 18 years of age. Gender, age, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status (SES), and measured body size were examined as potential factors associated with errors in self-reports.
Self-reported stature, weight, and BMI were generally highly correlated with corresponding measured dimensions, although adolescents of both genders systematically overestimated their statures, underestimated their weights, and underestimated BMI. Significant associations of errors in self-reports with age, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status suggested that differences in self perceptions or value ascribed to body size varies according to these personal characteristics. Systematic errors in self-reported stature, weight, and BMI were negatively associated with the corresponding measured dimension when adjusted for age, race/ethnicity and SES, such that prevalences of overweight based on BMI from self-reported measures were systematically underestimated relative to measured values.
Self-reports of stature, weight, and BMI are on the average, valid representations of their measured counterparts; nevertheless, errors in the self-reports are systematically related to characteristics of youth. Consequently, findings from these studies should be interpreted carefully.
通过自我报告而非直接测量来获取身高、体重和体重指数（BMI），在经济和后勤方面具有很大吸引力，但针对青少年的、可用于评估报告偏差潜在来源的数据很少。由于自我报告基于自我认知，青少年的个人特征可能与报告误差有关。
对3797名年龄在12至18岁的明尼苏达青少年样本，研究自我报告的身高、体重和BMI与测量值之间的差异。将性别、年龄、种族/民族、社会经济地位（SES）以及测量的身体尺寸作为与自我报告误差相关的潜在因素进行考察。
自我报告的身高、体重和BMI通常与相应的测量维度高度相关，不过，两性青少年都系统性地高估了自己的身高，低估了体重，并低估了BMI。自我报告误差与年龄、种族/民族和社会经济地位之间存在显著关联，这表明自我认知或赋予身体尺寸的价值因这些个人特征而异。在对年龄、种族/民族和SES进行调整后，自我报告的身高、体重和BMI中的系统性误差与相应的测量维度呈负相关，因此，基于自我报告测量的BMI得出的超重患病率相对于测量值被系统性地低估了。
身高、体重和BMI的自我报告平均而言是其测量对应值的有效表征；然而，自我报告中的误差与青少年的特征存在系统性关联。因此，这些研究的结果应谨慎解读。
