Lowry Richard, Galuska Deborah A, Fulton Janet E, Burgeson Charlene R, Kann Laura
Division of Adolescent and School Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Bufford Hwy, N.E, Mailstop K-33, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
J Adolesc Health. 2005 Apr;36(4):320-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2004.03.010.
The purpose of this study was to examine trends in weight management goals and the use of exercise for weight control among U.S. high school students.
As part of the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System, 6 national school-based surveys were conducted between 1991 and 2001. Each survey used a three-stage cross-sectional sample of students in grades 9-12. African-American and Hispanic students were oversampled. Logistic regression models were used to test for trends among gender and race/ethnic subgroups, controlling demographic changes over time.
From 1991 to 2001, the percentage of female students trying to lose weight (61.7%-62.3%) or stay the same weight (15.4%-16.0%) did not change significantly. Among male students, trying to lose weight (22.7%-28.8%) and trying to stay the same weight (17.8%-21.5%) both increased significantly, while trying to gain weight decreased significantly (32.7%-26.3%). Among female and male students who were trying to lose weight or stay the same weight, the use of exercise for weight control increased significantly. Among students who reported using exercise for weight control, participation in vigorous physical activity > or = 3 days per week increased among African-American female students, and participation in strengthening exercises > or = 3 days per week increased among male students.
These findings suggest increased interest in weight control among male adolescents, and increased use of exercise for weight control among female and male adolescents.
本研究旨在调查美国高中生体重管理目标的趋势以及运动在体重控制中的应用情况。
作为青少年风险行为监测系统的一部分，在1991年至2001年间进行了6次全国性的学校调查。每次调查都采用了9至12年级学生的三阶段横断面样本。非裔美国学生和西班牙裔学生被过度抽样。使用逻辑回归模型来检验性别和种族/族裔亚组之间的趋势，并控制随时间的人口变化。
从1991年到2001年，试图减肥（61.7%-62.3%）或保持体重不变（15.4%-16.0%）的女学生比例没有显著变化。在男学生中，试图减肥（22.7%-28.8%）和试图保持体重不变（17.8%-21.5%）的比例均显著增加，而试图增重的比例则显著下降（32.7%-26.3%）。在试图减肥或保持体重不变的女学生和男学生中，运动在体重控制中的应用显著增加。在报告使用运动进行体重控制的学生中，非裔美国女学生每周进行≥3天剧烈体育活动的参与率增加，男学生每周进行≥3天强化锻炼的参与率增加。
这些发现表明男性青少年对体重控制的兴趣增加，以及女性和男性青少年在体重控制中对运动的应用增加。
