Adolescents' perceptions of relative weight and self-reported weight-loss activities: analysis of 1990 YRBS (Youth Risk behavior Survey) national data.

PURPOSE

The purpose of the study was to examine, among public high school students across the United States, perceptions of relative weight-loss and its relationship to physical activity levels, time spent viewing television, and efforts to lose weight.

METHODS

Self-reported data from the 1990 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) were used to analyze these relationships. The YRBS was developed and administered by the Division of Adolescent and School Health (DASH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), to assess important health behaviors which contribute significantly to adverse health outcomes among American youth. A total of 10,870 black, Hispanic, and white respondents were included in this analysis.

RESULTS

From this sample, 24.8% perceived themselves as being "too fat." Of that group, 76.4% were trying to lose weight. Females comprised 74.4% of those reporting that they were "too fat" and trying to lose weight. Gender differences in weight perceptions were significant (p < .001), with females (34.6%) being more likely than males (14.4%) to report being "too fat." Whites (26.0%) reported being "too fat" more often than did Hispanics (23.9%) and blacks (17.2%) (p < .001). Skipping meals and exercise were the most commonly reported weight loss strategies. Hispanics were most likely to skip meals, followed by whites and blacks. Whites were more likely than the other groups to use exercise as a means of losing weight. Adolescents who perceived themselves as "too fat" reported fewer days of strenuous activity (p < .001), fewer hours of strenuous exercise in physical education class (p < .001), and more hours spent viewing television on school days (p < .001) than others.

CONCLUSIONS

One quarter of U.S. high school students perceive themselves as overweight; three-quarters of these students are trying to lose weight. Adolescents who perceive themselves as overweight are less physically active and spend more time viewing television than those who do not perceive themselves as overweight.