de Haen Hartwig, Thompson Brian
Economic and Social Department, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Forum Nutr. 2003;56:375-9.
The alleviation of poverty and the eradication of hunger and malnutrition are within reach. Considerable progress has been made over the past thirty years in reducing the numbers of the hungry, and projections over the next thirty years suggest that this progress will continue. The majority of developing countries have participated in this progress and have improved nutrition but there are significant regional differences. The current challenge is to build upon and accelerate the progress already made. Everyone is involved in this struggle against hunger and malnutrition, and to achieve these goals, global partnerships to enhance co-operation and co-ordination are being strengthened. Successful country experiences for improving food security and nutrition have demonstrated the importance of peace, political stability, and stable economic growth. There is also the need for increased foreign investment and increased ODA, particularly for African agriculture, debt relief, the better integration of LDCs in the global economy, their more secure access to markets and more equitable terms of trade, enhanced South-South co-operation, training and research and new high-yield and drought-resistant crop varieties. While all these have been commented on and recognised before, we must close the credibility gap in our political will by honouring our existing commitments for providing tangible benefits at the local level. For globalisation, the key issue is how the aggregate benefits of globalisation will be distributed and how to translate this into better nutrition. The LDCs, which are the most vulnerable and disadvantaged members of the international community, should be at the centre of this drive towards food security and take genuine ownership of policies, initiatives and activities to improve development. At the same time we need to succeed in making the developed world more aware of and responsive to the conditions of the LDCs. The most effective way to improve nutrition is through community nutrition programmes that encourage the full participation and co-operation of the entire community, maximise the utilisation of local resources, grasp the benefits of new technologies for productivity gains, involve multiple sectors and engage strong political commitment. The international community will be judged by its treatment of its most vulnerable members. The international community has repeatedly declared that it is dedicated to the eradication of poverty. Eliminating hunger and malnutrition is a vital first step. The political will to fight hunger and a firm commitment to invest in agriculture' and rural development are critical elements in any effort to achieve sustainable alleviation of hunger and poverty. This meeting and the WFS:FYL provide the additional impetus to meet the challenge of achieving food and nutritional security in a world without borders and free from hunger and malnutrition.
减轻贫困以及消除饥饿与营养不良已指日可待。在过去三十年里,减少饥饿人口数量方面已取得了相当大的进展,预计在未来三十年里这一进展仍将持续。大多数发展中国家都参与到了这一进程中,营养状况也有所改善,但区域差异依然显著。当前的挑战是巩固并加速已取得的进展。每个人都参与到了这场抗击饥饿与营养不良的斗争中,为实现这些目标,正在加强全球伙伴关系以增进合作与协调。成功改善粮食安全与营养状况的国家经验表明了和平、政治稳定以及稳定经济增长的重要性。此外,还需要增加外国投资和官方发展援助,特别是对非洲农业的援助,减免债务,让最不发达国家更好地融入全球经济,确保它们更安全地进入市场并获得更公平的贸易条件,加强南南合作、培训与研究,以及推广新的高产和抗旱作物品种。尽管所有这些以前都有人提及并得到认可,但我们必须通过履行我们在地方层面提供切实利益的现有承诺来缩小我们政治意愿方面的可信度差距。对于全球化而言,关键问题在于全球化的总体利益将如何分配,以及如何将其转化为更好的营养状况。最不发达国家是国际社会中最脆弱和处境最不利的成员,应成为实现粮食安全这一努力的核心,并真正主导改善发展的政策、倡议和活动。与此同时,我们需要成功地让发达国家更加了解最不发达国家的状况并做出回应。改善营养状况最有效的方法是通过社区营养项目,这些项目鼓励整个社区充分参与与合作,最大限度地利用当地资源,掌握新技术以提高生产力,涉及多个部门并获得强有力的政治承诺。国际社会将因其对待最脆弱成员的方式而受到评判。国际社会多次宣称致力于消除贫困。消除饥饿和营养不良是至关重要的第一步。抗击饥饿的政治意愿以及对农业和农村发展进行投资的坚定承诺是实现可持续减轻饥饿和贫困的任何努力的关键要素。本次会议以及世界粮食首脑会议:五年回顾为应对在一个无国界、没有饥饿和营养不良的世界中实现粮食和营养安全的挑战提供了额外动力。