Liptói Krisztina, Hidas A, Rouvier R
Institute for Small Animal Research, H-2100 Gödöllo, Hungary.
Acta Biol Hung. 2005;56(1-2):53-65. doi: 10.1556/ABiol.56.2005.1-2.6.
Early embryonic mortality and chromosome abnormalities were studied in three goose lines: Grey Landes (line 7), White Polish (line 4) and their synthetic line (line 9). Eggs laid at the beginning, in the middle and at the end of the laying season were set. At candling at 5th day after egg set, all eggs (2847) were examined and those showing no normal embryonic development were opened 2847. Dead embryos were classified phenotypically and karyotyped. The mean ratio of embryonic mortality (EM) among fertile eggs was 9.4%, 5.2%, 7.3% in the lines 4, 7 and 9, respectively. The mean ratio of embryos with chromosomal abnormalities (CA) among the dead embryos was 8.0%, 14.8% and 13.1% in the lines 4, 7 and 9, respectively. Gander effect and layer within gander effect on embryo mortality were significant, indicating genetic factors. Father and mother of the layer effects were also significant, showing family effects. Animals producing dead embryos and embryos with chromosome abnormalities in high proportion were selected. In the selected groups the mean EM was 17.7-22.9%, and the mean CA was 11.7-34.7% among the three lines. The repetition of CA was not observed in the reproductive season of following year, while animals repeated the high EM (repeatability coefficient of 0.54). This shows that some part of EM may be resulted from other genetic factors. Ganders and layers progeny of these selected animals showed also high EM. It was concluded that culling pairs giving high EM value in their embryos could increase the average level of embryo viability and that the study of genetic determinism of that trait should be continued in geese.
灰朗德鹅（7系）、白波兰鹅（4系）及其合成系（9系）。选取产蛋季节开始、中期和末期所产的蛋进行孵化。在入孵后第5天照蛋时，检查了所有的蛋（2847枚），对那些未显示正常胚胎发育的蛋打开检查。对死亡胚胎进行表型分类并进行核型分析。在4系、7系和9系中，受精蛋的胚胎死亡率（EM）平均比例分别为9.4%、5.2%和7.3%。在死亡胚胎中，染色体异常（CA）胚胎的平均比例在4系、7系和9系中分别为8.0%、14.8%和13.1%。公鹅效应以及公鹅内产蛋母鹅对胚胎死亡率的影响显著，表明存在遗传因素。产蛋母鹅的父本和母本效应也很显著，显示出家族效应。选择了产生高比例死亡胚胎和染色体异常胚胎的动物。在所选组中，三个品系的平均胚胎死亡率为17.7 - 22.9%，平均染色体异常率为11.7 - 34.7%。在次年繁殖季节未观察到染色体异常的重复情况，而这些动物重复出现了高胚胎死亡率（重复力系数为0.54）。这表明部分胚胎死亡率可能由其他遗传因素导致。这些所选动物的公鹅和母鹅后代也表现出高胚胎死亡率。得出的结论是，淘汰其胚胎具有高胚胎死亡率值的配对可以提高胚胎活力的平均水平，并且应该继续对鹅的该性状的遗传决定因素进行研究。
