Stojanowski Christopher M
Department of Anthropology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, USA.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 2005 Oct;128(2):273-86. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.20053.
Standard population genetic analyses are implemented for a series of precontact and contact period samples from central and northern Florida to investigate changes in genetic variability and population affinity coincident with the establishment of Spanish missions during the 17th century. Estimates of F(ST) based on odontometric data indicate limited heterogeneity for the Apalachee samples, suggestive of some degree of within-group endogamy for this ethnic group prior to contact. This corresponds well with ethnohistoric reconstructions indicating that Apalachee were populous, partially linguistically isolated from its neighbors, and involved in persistent cycles of warfare with neighboring groups. Estimates of extralocal gene flow for the Apalachee samples indicate limited initial changes in the mating structure of these populations. After 1650, however, extralocal gene flow increases, consistent with evidence for dramatic population movements throughout northern Florida and increased Spanish presence in the province, particularly at the mission of San Luis. Inclusion of non-Apalachee outgroups does not increase estimates of genetic heterogeneity, as was expected based on ethnohistoric data. The pattern of genetic distances suggests a biological division between north and south Florida population groups, consistent with archaeological and ethnohistoric data, and similarly indicates some distinction between precontact and postcontact local groups. Differential extralocal gene flow experienced by pre-1650 Apalachee and Timucua populations suggests localized mission experience. The Apalachee, with large, dense populations, experienced limited initial changes in genetic diversity or mating structure. However, after 1650 they were apparently involved in a much more expansive mating network that may have included Spaniards and immigrant Native American groups to the region. These results are in contrast to the mission experience of the Guale Indians of the Georgia coast.
对来自佛罗里达州中部和北部的一系列接触前和接触时期的样本进行了标准的群体遗传学分析，以研究17世纪西班牙传教所建立期间遗传变异性和群体亲缘关系的变化。基于牙齿测量数据的F(ST)估计表明，阿帕拉契样本的异质性有限，这表明该族群在接触前存在一定程度的群体内通婚。这与民族历史重建结果非常吻合，表明阿帕拉契人口众多，在语言上与邻居部分隔离，并与邻近群体陷入持续的战争循环。对阿帕拉契样本的局外基因流估计表明，这些群体的交配结构最初变化有限。然而，1650年后，局外基因流增加，这与整个佛罗里达州北部人口大幅迁移以及西班牙在该省存在增加的证据一致，特别是在圣路易斯传教所。正如根据民族历史数据所预期的那样，纳入非阿帕拉契外群并没有增加遗传异质性的估计。遗传距离模式表明佛罗里达州北部和南部群体之间存在生物学上的划分，这与考古学和民族历史数据一致，同样也表明接触前和接触后当地群体之间存在一些差异。1650年前阿帕拉契和蒂穆夸群体经历的不同局外基因流表明了当地的传教经历。阿帕拉契人口众多且密集，遗传多样性或交配结构的初始变化有限。然而，1650年后，他们显然参与了一个更为广泛的交配网络，其中可能包括西班牙人和该地区的移民美洲原住民群体。这些结果与佐治亚海岸的瓜勒印第安人的传教经历形成对比。
