Organ Jason M, Teaford Mark F, Larsen Clark Spencer
Center for Functional Anatomy and Evolution, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 2005 Dec;128(4):801-11. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.20277.
San Luis de Apalachee, one of a chain of Roman Catholic missions established in Spanish Florida (modern states of Georgia and Florida) in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, was the principal center of missionization of native populations in the Florida panhandle. Paleoethnobotanical remains yield evidence of production of various kinds of crops at the site, typical of nearly all mission period sites in the area. Stable isotope (carbon and nitrogen) analysis and dental caries evidence suggest that maize was not as important in the diet at San Luis as in other contemporary settings in the region. Ethnohistorical research indicates a heavier reliance on meat consumption compared to other mission settings. This study examines dental microwear of occlusal surfaces of maxillary molars from San Luis and five other Native American mission period sites in Spanish Florida. Epoxy casts of molar crushing facets were photographed under 500x magnification, using a scanning electron microscope. Photomicrographs were digitized using Microware 4.02 (Ungar [2002a]) and statistically evaluated using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey's multiple comparisons tests. These analyses reveal that the frequency of pitting on the San Luis molars is significantly greater than for other mission period sites. Consistent with bioarchaeological, historical, and archaeological documentation, these findings suggest that diets were different in the San Luis natives in comparison with the other native populations in Spanish Florida. Various dietary factors likely came into play, resulting in these differences, and may have included significantly greater meat consumption at San Luis.
圣路易斯·德阿帕拉契是16世纪和17世纪在西班牙佛罗里达（现代的佐治亚州和佛罗里达州）建立的一系列罗马天主教传教区之一，是佛罗里达狭长地带对当地居民传教的主要中心。古植物学遗迹提供了该遗址种植各种作物的证据，这在该地区几乎所有传教时期的遗址中都很典型。稳定同位素（碳和氮）分析以及龋齿证据表明，玉米在圣路易斯的饮食中不如在该地区其他同时期环境中重要。民族历史研究表明，与其他传教区相比，圣路易斯的居民对肉类消费的依赖程度更高。本研究调查了圣路易斯以及西班牙佛罗里达其他五个美洲原住民传教时期遗址上颌磨牙咬合面的牙齿微磨损情况。使用扫描电子显微镜，在500倍放大倍数下拍摄了磨牙研磨面的环氧树脂铸型照片。显微照片使用Microware 4.02（昂加[2002a]）进行数字化处理，并使用单因素方差分析和事后的图基多重比较检验进行统计评估。这些分析表明，圣路易斯磨牙上的麻点频率明显高于其他传教时期的遗址。与生物考古学、历史和考古文献一致，这些发现表明，圣路易斯的原住民饮食与西班牙佛罗里达的其他原住民不同。各种饮食因素可能起了作用，导致了这些差异，其中可能包括圣路易斯居民的肉类消费量明显更高。
