Nissim I, Shohat T, Inbar Y
Division of Solid Waste Management, Ministry of the Environment, P.O. Box 34033, Jerusalem 95464, Israel.
Waste Manag. 2005;25(3):323-7. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2004.06.004.
To address the problem of solid waste in Israel, the Ministry of the Environment has formulated a policy based on integrated waste management. The policy calls for reduction of waste at source, reuse, recycling (including composting), waste-to-energy technologies, and landfilling. Due to the implementation of this policy, all the large dumps were closed, state-of-the art landfills were built, and recovery rates have increased from 3% in the beginning of the 1990s to almost 20% in 2003. More than 95% of the municipal solid waste is disposed and treated in an environmentally sound manner - in comparison to a mere 10% just a decade ago. The policy was implemented utilizing both enforcement and financial support ("stick and carrot" approach).
为解决以色列的固体废物问题，环境部制定了一项基于综合废物管理的政策。该政策要求从源头减少废物、再利用、回收（包括堆肥）、废物转化能源技术以及填埋。由于这项政策的实施，所有大型垃圾场都已关闭，建造了先进的垃圾填埋场，回收率从20世纪90年代初的3%提高到了2003年的近20%。超过95%的城市固体废物以环保方式进行处理和处置——相比之下，仅仅十年前这一比例仅为10%。该政策通过执法和财政支持（“大棒加胡萝卜”方法）得以实施。
