Stattin Mikael, Järvholm Bengt
Department of Sociology, Umeå University, Sweden.
Scand J Public Health. 2005;33(2):84-90. doi: 10.1080/14034940410019208.
This study investigated the importance of occupation and work environment for the risk of disability pension among construction workers in Sweden.
The data include around 389,000 construction workers who participated in health examinations from 1971 to 1992. During that period 68,000 participants received disability pension in some form. Between 1985 and 1992 questionnaires were used to collect data regarding hazards in the work environment. Some 87,000 participants answered that questionnaire, and almost 6,000 of these were in receipt of a disability pension. To analyse the risk of disability pension in different occupations, incidence rates (SIR) were calculated according to the person-year method. Logistic regression was used to calculate age-controlled odds ratios according to physical and psychosocial work environment factors.
The results show considerable variation in risk for disability pension between different occupations within the construction industry. Furthermore, analysis of work environment factors indicated associations with physical, ergonomic, and psychosocial work environment factors.
A considerable variation between occupations indicates that characteristics in the work situation are important when explaining the risk of disability pension. The results from this study indicate that improvements in working conditions are an important area of intervention in order to facilitate and prolong labour market participation among elderly people.
本研究调查了职业和工作环境对瑞典建筑工人领取残疾抚恤金风险的重要性。
数据包括约38.9万名在1971年至1992年期间参加健康检查的建筑工人。在此期间，6.8万名参与者以某种形式领取了残疾抚恤金。1985年至1992年期间，使用问卷收集有关工作环境危害的数据。约8.7万名参与者回答了该问卷，其中近6000人领取了残疾抚恤金。为了分析不同职业中领取残疾抚恤金的风险，根据人年法计算发病率（SIR）。使用逻辑回归根据身体和社会心理工作环境因素计算年龄调整后的优势比。
结果表明，建筑行业内不同职业领取残疾抚恤金的风险存在相当大的差异。此外，对工作环境因素的分析表明，其与身体、人体工程学和社会心理工作环境因素有关。
职业之间存在相当大的差异表明，工作状况的特征在解释领取残疾抚恤金的风险时很重要。本研究结果表明，改善工作条件是一个重要的干预领域，以便促进和延长老年人在劳动力市场的参与时间。
