Research Center CIMEDES, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3), Department of Engineering, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain.
Laboratory-Observatory for Andalusian Working Conditions in the Agricultural Sector (LASA), Avda. Albert Einstein, 4. Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Seville, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Apr 29;18(9):4753. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18094753.
This paper shows the prevalence of psychosocial risks for workers in the greenhouse construction industry in south-eastern Spain. : The assessment of the workers' psychosocial risks was carried out through simple random sampling, which uses a questionnaire containing 13 variables characterizing the companies, 14 variables characterizing the workers, and 15 questions proposed by the Mini Psychosocial Factors (MPFs) risk assessment method. A descriptive analysis and multiple correspondence analysis were performed on the sample data. : Greenhouse construction businesses in south-eastern Spain can generally be classified as small companies with an average annual turnover below EUR 2.0 million (69.3%), an average of 22.8 workers with an average age of 39.84 years old, most of whom are married, with an average of 1.76 children. The prevalence of workers at high risk was 2.9%, while 45.1% were at medium-high risk. Of the 12 psychosocial factors assessed using the MPF method, 7 of them presented a high level of worker risk: Mobbing (3.2%), Relationships (1.6%), Recognition (1.6%), Autonomy (12.9%), Emotional (8.0%), Control (4.8%), and Demands (3.2%). Lastly, the variables were grouped into four clusters, showing that larger companies are correlated with a medium (workers over 40 years of age or less than 25 years of age) to high (workers under 25 years of age) risk level in several of the psychosocial factors assessed for workers who are Spanish nationals, while in smaller companies, the workers are usually middle aged (between 25 and 40 years old) and from Eastern Europe or Africa, presenting either a low or high level of risk depending on the psychosocial factors and tasks performed. : The study reveals a lack of prevention management regarding psychosocial risks. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out new prevention programmes that optimise the psychosocial conditions of the workers, involving the workers, employers, and other social agents.
本文展示了西班牙东南部温室建筑行业工人面临的心理社会风险的普遍性。通过简单随机抽样对工人的心理社会风险进行评估，该抽样方法使用了一份包含 13 个描述公司特征的变量、14 个描述工人特征的变量以及 15 个由 Mini Psychosocial Factors (MPFs) 风险评估方法提出的问题的问卷。对样本数据进行了描述性分析和多元对应分析。西班牙东南部的温室建筑企业通常可以归类为小型企业，平均年营业额低于 200 万欧元（69.3%），平均有 22.8 名工人，平均年龄为 39.84 岁，大多数人已婚，平均有 1.76 个孩子。高风险工人的患病率为 2.9%，而中高风险工人的比例为 45.1%。使用 MPF 方法评估的 12 个心理社会因素中，有 7 个因素显示工人风险较高：骚扰（3.2%）、人际关系（1.6%）、认可（1.6%）、自主性（12.9%）、情绪（8.0%）、控制（4.8%）和需求（3.2%）。最后，将变量分为四个集群，结果表明，较大的公司与中等（工人年龄在 40 岁以上或 25 岁以下）至高（工人年龄在 25 岁以下）风险水平相关联，在为西班牙籍工人评估的几个心理社会因素中，而在较小的公司中，工人通常处于中年（25 至 40 岁之间），来自东欧或非洲，根据心理社会因素和所执行的任务，工人的风险水平较低或较高。该研究揭示了心理社会风险预防管理的缺失。因此，有必要开展新的预防计划，以优化工人的心理社会条件，涉及工人、雇主和其他社会机构。
