Clarke Roger, Valentin Jack
International Commission on Radiological Protection, SE-171 16 Stockholm, Sweden.
Health Phys. 2005 May;88(5):407-22.
Within twelve months of the discovery of x rays, papers appeared in the literature reporting adverse effects from high exposure. By the time of the First World War, several countries were proposing restrictions for the exposure of radiation workers. In 1925, the first International Congress of Radiology, held in London, considered the need for a protection committee, which it established at its second Congress in Stockholm in 1928. This paper traces the history of the development, by ICRP, of its policies and the personalities involved in their development from its inception up to the modern era. The paper follows the progress from the early controls on worker doses to avoid deterministic effects, through the identification of stochastic effects to the concerns about increasing public exposure. The key features of the Recommendations made by ICRP from 1928 up to the current 1990 version are identified.
在X射线发现后的十二个月内，文献中就出现了关于高剂量照射产生不良反应的报道。到第一次世界大战时，几个国家都在提议对辐射工作人员的照射进行限制。1925年，在伦敦召开的第一届国际放射学大会考虑设立一个保护委员会的必要性，并于1928年在斯德哥尔摩召开的第二届大会上设立了该委员会。本文追溯了国际辐射防护委员会（ICRP）从成立到现代时期其政策发展的历史以及参与政策制定的相关人物。文章讲述了从早期对工作人员剂量的控制以避免确定性效应，到识别随机效应，再到对公众照射增加的关注这一发展历程。文中还指出了ICRP从1928年到当前1990年版本所提建议的关键特征。
