Hentschel U, Fieseler L, Wehrl M, Gernert C, Steinert M, Hacker J, Horn M
Institut für Molekulare Infektionsbiologie, Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany.
Prog Mol Subcell Biol. 2003;37:59-88. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-55519-0_3.
The recent application of molecular microbial ecology tools to sponge-microbe associations has revealed a glimpse into the biodiversity of these microbial communities, that is considered just 'the tip of the iceberg'. This chapter provides an overview over these new findings with regard to identity, diversity and distribution patterns of sponge-associated microbial consortia. The sponges Aplysina aerophoba (Verongida), Rhopaloeides odorabile (Dicytoceratida) and Theonella swinhoei (Lithistida) were chosen as model systems for this review because they have been subject to both, cultivation-dependent and cultivation-independent approaches. A discussion of the microbial assemblages of Halichondriapanicea is presented in the accompanying chapter by Imhoff and Stöhr. Considering that a large fraction of sponge-associated microbes is not yet amenable to cultivation, an emphasis has been placed on the techniques centering around the 16S rRNA gene. A section has been included that covers the potential of sponge microbial communities for drug discovery. Finally, a 'sponge-microbe interaction model' is presented that summarizes our current understanding of the processes that might have shaped the community structure of the microbial assemblages within sponges.
分子微生物生态学工具最近应用于海绵 - 微生物共生关系，使我们得以初步了解这些微生物群落的生物多样性，而这被认为只是“冰山一角”。本章概述了有关海绵相关微生物聚生体的身份、多样性和分布模式的这些新发现。选择了食气阿氏海绵（Verongida目）、芬芳扁指海绵（Dicytoceratida目）和斯氏棘海绵（Lithistida目）作为本综述的模型系统，因为它们都经历了依赖培养和不依赖培养的研究方法。Imhoff和Stöhr在随附章节中讨论了白枝海绵的微生物组合。鉴于很大一部分与海绵相关的微生物尚无法培养，重点放在了围绕16S rRNA基因的技术上。其中有一部分内容涵盖了海绵微生物群落用于药物发现的潜力。最后，提出了一个“海绵 - 微生物相互作用模型”，总结了我们目前对可能塑造海绵内微生物聚生体群落结构的过程的理解。
