Franconeri Steven L, Hollingworth Andrew, Simons Daniel J
Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 33 Kirland St., 7th Floor, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Psychol Sci. 2005 Apr;16(4):275-81. doi: 10.1111/j.0956-7976.2005.01528.x.
The visual system relies on several heuristics to direct attention to important locations and objects. One of these mechanisms directs attention to sudden changes in the environment. Although a substantial body of research suggests that this capture of attention occurs only for the abrupt appearance of a new perceptual object, more recent evidence shows that some luminance-based transients (e.g., motion and looming) and some types of brightness change also capture attention. These findings show that new objects are not necessary for attention capture. The present study tested whether they are even sufficient. That is, does a new object attract attention because the visual system is sensitive to new objects or because it is sensitive to the transients that new objects create? In two experiments using a visual search task, new objects did not capture attention unless they created a strong local luminance transient.
视觉系统依靠多种启发式方法将注意力引导至重要的位置和物体上。其中一种机制会将注意力导向环境中的突然变化。尽管大量研究表明，这种对注意力的吸引仅发生在新的感知对象突然出现时，但最近的证据显示，一些基于亮度的瞬变（如运动和逼近）以及某些类型的亮度变化也会吸引注意力。这些发现表明，新物体并非吸引注意力的必要条件。本研究测试了它们是否甚至是充分条件。也就是说，新物体吸引注意力是因为视觉系统对新物体敏感，还是因为它对新物体产生的瞬变敏感？在两项使用视觉搜索任务的实验中，新物体除非产生强烈的局部亮度瞬变，否则不会吸引注意力。
