Chua Fook K
Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore, 119260.
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2011 Apr;73(3):797-808. doi: 10.3758/s13414-010-0066-6.
According to the new object hypothesis (see, e.g., Yantis & Hillstrom, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 20, 95-107, 1994), an object appearing as a sudden onset captures attention because its appearance demands an immediate updating of visual short-term memory. This hypothesis was tested in three experiments using a procedure that allowed an object to be added to the display but, crucially, without incurring onset transients (Franconeri, Hollingworth, & Simons, Psychological Science, 16, 275-281, 2005). The latter showed that an object inserted in this fashion failed to capture attention. As a test of the new object hypothesis, this procedure assumes that the observers had encoded the display before the new object was introduced. If this assumption is not fulfilled, the new and the old objects cannot be distinguished one from the other. It was, however, unclear whether the encoding had taken place in the Franconeri et al. experiments. We showed that when circumstances were congenial to the encoding of the display before an additional object interposed, then the object successfully captured attention. But when the encoding of the initial display was either difficult or impossible, the additional object failed to capture attention.
根据新物体假说（例如，见扬蒂斯和希尔斯特伦，《实验心理学杂志：人类感知与表现》，第20卷，第95 - 107页，1994年），一个以突然出现的方式呈现的物体会吸引注意力，因为它的出现需要对视觉短期记忆进行即时更新。这一假说在三个实验中得到了检验，实验采用了一种程序，该程序允许在显示屏上添加一个物体，但关键的是，不会产生起始瞬变现象（弗兰科内里、霍林沃思和西蒙斯，《心理科学》，第16卷，第275 - 281页，2005年）。后者表明，以这种方式插入的物体未能吸引注意力。作为对新物体假说的一项检验，该程序假定观察者在引入新物体之前已经对显示屏进行了编码。如果这个假定不成立，就无法区分新物体和旧物体。然而，在弗兰科内里等人的实验中，编码是否已经发生尚不清楚。我们表明，当情况有利于在插入额外物体之前对显示屏进行编码时，那么该物体就能成功吸引注意力。但当对初始显示屏的编码困难或无法进行时，额外物体就无法吸引注意力。
