Hadis M, Wilson M D, Cobblah M, Boakye D A
Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2005 Apr;99(3):267-91. doi: 10.1179/136485905X24210.
Although Ethiopia is one of the countries worst affected by human onchocerciasis, the exact taxonomic identity of the blackflies acting as the main vectors in the endemic areas has never been determined. A cytotaxonomic analysis of Simulium damnosum s.l. collected from three endemic sites in south-western Ethiopia has now revealed the existence of the 'Kisiwani' form (a non-anthropophilic cytoform that is common in East Africa) and a newly recognized species, Simulium kaffaense. Simulium kaffaense sp. nov. is differentiated from other members of the S. damnosum complex by six fixed inversions and dozens of 'new' floating inversions. The rearing of egg batches from some of the biting adult females, to larvae or adults, indicated that the human-biting blackflies were all S. kaffaense. As S. kaffaense is not only highly anthropophilic but also, apparently, the only anthropophilic member of the S. damnosum complex present, it is likely to be the main (if not the only) vector of Onchocerca volvulus in the study area. The presence of inversion 1S-1 and a complex inversion possibly involving 1L-3 indicates that S. kaffaense either belongs or is close to the 'Nile' phylogenetic group of S. damnosum s. l. The karyotype frequencies of the inversions in the collections from the three study sites indicate that at least two forms of S. kaffaense, here designated 'Bebeka' and 'Jimma', were caught. The taxonomy and medical importance of S. kaffaense are discussed.
尽管埃塞俄比亚是受人类盘尾丝虫病影响最严重的国家之一，但在流行地区充当主要传播媒介的蚋的确切分类身份从未确定。对从埃塞俄比亚西南部三个流行地点采集的嗜人瘤蚋复合种进行的细胞分类学分析，现已揭示出“基西瓦尼”型（一种在东非常见的非嗜人细胞型）和一个新确认的物种——卡法蚋的存在。卡法蚋新种与嗜人瘤蚋复合种的其他成员的区别在于六个固定倒位和数十个“新的”浮动倒位。从一些叮咬成年雌蚋中饲养出卵块，直至幼虫或成虫，结果表明叮咬人类的蚋均为卡法蚋。由于卡法蚋不仅高度嗜人，而且显然是嗜人瘤蚋复合种中唯一存在的嗜人成员，它很可能是研究区域内盘尾丝虫的主要（如果不是唯一的）传播媒介。1S - 1倒位和一个可能涉及1L - 3的复合倒位的存在表明，卡法蚋要么属于嗜人瘤蚋复合种的“尼罗河”系统发育组，要么与之关系密切。来自三个研究地点的采集样本中倒位的核型频率表明，至少捕获到了两种卡法蚋，这里分别命名为“贝贝卡”型和“吉马”型。本文讨论了卡法蚋的分类学及其医学重要性。
