Rhein R T, Coblentz W K, Turner J E, Rosenkrans C F, Ogden R K, Kellogg D W
Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA.
J Dairy Sci. 2005 May;88(5):1815-26. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(05)72856-3.
Using recently developed technology, balage is often stored in large (1.2 x 1.2 m) round bales that are wrapped in plastic film with an in-line wrapper. The aerobic stability of this fermented forage is important, particularly during winter months when it is fed to livestock or sold as a cash crop. Two types of forage, orchardgrass [Dactylis glomerata L.; 54.4% dry matter (DM)] and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.; 62.4% DM), were packaged in large round bales and wrapped with an in-line wrapper during May 2002. Twenty-one bales of each balage type were unwrapped and exposed to air on Dec. 10, 2002 for 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, or 32 d (ambient temperature range = 0.6 to 19.4 degrees C) to evaluate aerobic stability. For both orchardgrass and wheat balage, final bale weight, concentration of DM, and pH were not affected by exposure time. Across both balage types, DM recoveries were > or = 97% for all bales, indicating that both balage types were very stable when exposed to air. For orchardgrass balage, exposure time had no effect on concentrations of NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, cellulose, or lignin, thereby indicating that little deterioration occurred. Similarly, no contrast relating any fiber component with exposure time was significant for wheat balage. Concentrations of crude protein (CP) were not affected by exposure time for wheat balage, but there was a tendency for exposed orchardgrass bales to have greater concentrations of CP than bales sampled on d 0. Exposure time had no effect on 48-h in situ digestibility of DM for wheat balage, but there was a tendency for a linear increase with exposure time for orchardgrass balage. However, the overall range (78.2 to 80.5%) over the 32-d exposure period was very narrow, and this response is probably of limited biological significance. Generally, concentrations of fermentation acids were low, primarily because of the high concentration of DM within these balages, and only minimal changes in these acids were observed over the exposure interval. These results suggest that the balage evaluated in this trial during winter conditions was very stable after exposure to air for up to 32 d. This should allow for considerable flexibility with respect to feeding, transport, and marketing of balage during winter months without significant aerobic deterioration.
利用最近开发的技术，青贮饲料通常被制成大型（1.2×1.2米）圆形草捆，并用在线裹包机用塑料薄膜包裹起来。这种发酵饲料的好氧稳定性很重要，特别是在冬季将其喂给牲畜或作为经济作物出售时。2002年5月，两种草料，即鸭茅[鸭茅（Dactylis glomerata L.）；干物质含量（DM）为54.4%]和小麦（普通小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）；DM为62.4%）被打成大型圆形草捆，并用在线裹包机进行包裹。2002年12月10日，打开每种青贮饲料类型的21个草捆，使其暴露在空气中0、2、4、8、16、24或32天（环境温度范围为0.6至19.4摄氏度），以评估其好氧稳定性。对于鸭茅和小麦青贮饲料，最终草捆重量、DM浓度和pH值均不受暴露时间的影响。在两种青贮饲料类型中，所有草捆的DM回收率均≥97%，这表明两种青贮饲料类型在暴露于空气时都非常稳定。对于鸭茅青贮饲料，暴露时间对中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）、半纤维素、纤维素或木质素的浓度没有影响，因此表明几乎没有变质发生。同样，对于小麦青贮饲料，没有任何纤维成分与暴露时间的对比是显著的。小麦青贮饲料的粗蛋白（CP）浓度不受暴露时间的影响，但暴露的鸭茅草捆的CP浓度有高于第0天采样草捆的趋势。暴露时间对小麦青贮饲料DM的48小时原位消化率没有影响，但鸭茅青贮饲料的DM原位消化率有随暴露时间呈线性增加的趋势。然而，在32天的暴露期内，总体范围（78.2%至80.5%）非常窄，这种反应可能在生物学上意义有限。一般来说，发酵酸的浓度较低，主要是因为这些青贮饲料中DM浓度较高，并且在暴露期间观察到这些酸只有极小的变化。这些结果表明，在本试验中评估的冬季条件下的青贮饲料在暴露于空气长达32天后非常稳定。这应该允许在冬季对青贮饲料的喂养、运输和销售具有相当大的灵活性，而不会有明显的好氧变质。
