Miranda Jeanne, Siddique Juned, Belin Thomas R, Kohn-Wood Laura P
UCLA Neuropsychiatric Institute, UCLA Wilshire Center, 10920 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 300, 957082, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1736, USA.
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2005 Apr;40(4):253-8. doi: 10.1007/s00127-005-0879-0.
Research with Mexican Americans suggests that immigrants have lower rates of mental disorders than U. S.-born Mexican Americans. We examine the prevalence of depression, somatization, alcohol use and drug use among black American women, comparing rates of disorders among U. S.-born, Caribbean-born, and African-born subsamples.
Women in Women, Infants and Children (WIC) programs, county-run Title X family planning clinics, and low-income pediatric clinics were interviewed using the PRIME-MD. In total, 9,151 black women were interviewed; 7,965 were born in the U. S., 913 were born in Africa, and 273 were born in the Caribbean.
Controlling for other predictors, U.S.-born black women had odds of probable depression that were 2.94 times greater than the African-born women (p<0.0001, 95% CI: 2.07, 4.18) and 2.49 times greater than Caribbean-born women (p<0.0016, 95% CI: 1.41, 4.39). Likelihood of somatization did not differ among women who were U. S. born, African born, or Caribbean born. Rates of alcohol and drug problems were exceedingly low among all three groups, with less than 1% of the women reporting either alcohol or drug problems.
These results mirror similar findings for Mexican immigrant as compared with American-born Mexican Americans. The findings suggest that living in the U. S. might increase depression among poor black women receiving services in county entitlement clinics. Further research with ethnically validated instruments is needed to identify protective and risk factors associated with depression in immigrant and U. S.-born poor black women.
针对墨西哥裔美国人的研究表明，移民患精神障碍的比率低于在美国出生的墨西哥裔美国人。我们调查了美国黑人女性中抑郁症、躯体化症状、酒精使用和药物使用的患病率，比较了在美国出生、在加勒比地区出生和在非洲出生的子样本中的疾病发生率。
使用PRIME-MD对妇女、婴儿和儿童（WIC）项目、县办第十类计划生育诊所及低收入儿科诊所中的女性进行访谈。总共访谈了9151名黑人女性；其中7965名在美国出生，913名在非洲出生，273名在加勒比地区出生。
在控制了其他预测因素后，在美国出生的黑人女性患可能抑郁症的几率是在非洲出生女性的2.94倍（p<0.0001，95%置信区间：2.07，4.18），是在加勒比地区出生女性的2.49倍（p<0.0016，95%置信区间：1.41，4.39）。在美国出生、在非洲出生或在加勒比地区出生的女性中，躯体化症状的发生率没有差异。所有三组中酒精和药物问题的发生率都极低，报告有酒精或药物问题的女性不到1%。
这些结果与针对墨西哥移民和在美国出生的墨西哥裔美国人的类似研究结果一致。研究结果表明，生活在美国可能会增加在县授权诊所接受服务的贫困黑人女性患抑郁症的几率。需要使用经过种族验证的工具进行进一步研究，以确定与移民和在美国出生的贫困黑人女性抑郁症相关的保护因素和风险因素。
