Molloy D P
New York State Museum, State Education Department, Albany 12230.
J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 1992 Mar;8(1):24-31.
Except for moderate mortality among filter-feeding chironomids, Rheotanytarsus spp., the results of 10 field trials with Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (B.t.i.) indicated a wide margin of safety to the chironomid community and other stream nontarget insects. Mayflies, caddisflies and 2 other types of chironomids, i.e., tube-dwelling (Chironominae) and surface-dwelling, caseless larvae (mix of Chironominae, Diamesinae, Orthocladiinae, Tanypodinae), did not appear to be affected. The susceptibility of filter-feeding chironomids was considerably less than black flies; for example, 4 months of data collected during an operational black fly control program indicated a mean (+/- 95% CI) mortality among Rheotanytarsus larvae of 23 (15-32)% vs. 98 (97-99)% among black flies. Although clearly demonstrating the potential of adverse impact on filter-feeding chironomids in operational black fly programs, these trials also confirmed the narrow impact of B.t.i. on the overall stream insect community.
除滤食性摇蚊（Rheotanytarsus spp.）有一定死亡率外，苏云金芽孢杆菌以色列变种（B.t.i.）的10次田间试验结果表明，对摇蚊群落和其他溪流非靶标昆虫具有较大的安全边际。蜉蝣、毛翅目昆虫以及另外两种摇蚊，即管栖型（摇蚊亚科）和水面无壳型幼虫（摇蚊亚科、直突摇蚊亚科、正颤蚓亚科、长足摇蚊亚科的混合体），似乎未受影响。滤食性摇蚊的易感性远低于蚋；例如，在一项正在实施的蚋控制项目中收集的4个月数据表明，Rheotanytarsus幼虫的平均死亡率（±95%置信区间）为23%（15%-32%），而蚋的死亡率为98%（97%-99%）。尽管这些试验清楚地表明了在实际蚋控制项目中对滤食性摇蚊存在潜在不利影响，但也证实了B.t.i.对整个溪流昆虫群落的影响范围较窄。
