Viboud Gloria I, Bliska James B
Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Center for Infectious Diseases, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5222, USA.
Annu Rev Microbiol. 2005;59:69-89. doi: 10.1146/annurev.micro.59.030804.121320.
A type III secretion system (TTSS) is encoded on a virulence plasmid that is common to three pathogenic Yersinia species: Y. enterocolitica, Y. pseudotuberculosis, and Y. pestis. Pathogenic Yersinia species require this TTSS to survive and replicate within lymphoid tissues of their animal or human hosts. A set of pathogenicity factors, including those known as Yersinia outer proteins (Yops), is exported by this system upon bacterial infection of host cells. Two translocator Yops (YopB and YopD) insert into the host plasma membrane and function to transport six effector Yops (YopO, YopH, YopM, YopT, YopJ, and YopE) into the cytosol of the host cell. Effector Yops function to counteract multiple signaling responses in the infected host cell. The signaling responses counteracted by Yops are initiated by phagocytic receptors, Toll-like receptors, translocator Yops, and additional mechanisms. Innate and adaptive immune responses are thwarted as a consequence of Yop activities. A biochemical function for each effector Yop has been established, and the importance of these proteins for the pathogenesis process is being elucidated. This review focuses on the biochemical functions of Yops, the signaling pathways they modulate, and the role of these proteins in Yersinia virulence.
III型分泌系统（TTSS）由一种毒力质粒编码，该质粒在三种致病性耶尔森氏菌中普遍存在，即小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌、假结核耶尔森氏菌和鼠疫耶尔森氏菌。致病性耶尔森氏菌需要这种III型分泌系统才能在其动物或人类宿主的淋巴组织内存活和复制。一组致病因子，包括那些被称为耶尔森氏菌外蛋白（Yops）的因子，在细菌感染宿主细胞时由该系统输出。两种转运蛋白Yops（YopB和YopD）插入宿主质膜，并负责将六种效应子Yops（YopO、YopH、YopM、YopT、YopJ和YopE）转运到宿主细胞的细胞质中。效应子Yops的功能是抵消受感染宿主细胞中的多种信号反应。Yops抵消的信号反应由吞噬受体、Toll样受体、转运蛋白Yops和其他机制引发。由于Yop的活性，先天性和适应性免疫反应受到阻碍。已经确定了每种效应子Yop的生化功能，并且这些蛋白质在发病过程中的重要性正在得到阐明。本综述重点关注Yops的生化功能、它们调节的信号通路以及这些蛋白质在耶尔森氏菌毒力中的作用。
