Cornelis G R, Boland A, Boyd A P, Geuijen C, Iriarte M, Neyt C, Sory M P, Stainier I
Microbial Pathogenesis Unit, Christian de Duve Institute of Cellular Pathology and Faculté de Médecine, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 1998 Dec;62(4):1315-52. doi: 10.1128/MMBR.62.4.1315-1352.1998.
The 70-kb virulence plasmid enables Yersinia spp. (Yersinia pestis, Y. pseudotuberculosis, and Y. enterocolitica) to survive and multiply in the lymphoid tissues of their host. It encodes the Yop virulon, an integrated system allowing extracellular bacteria to disarm the cells involved in the immune response, to disrupt their communications, or even to induce their apoptosis by the injection of bacterial effector proteins. This system consists of the Yop proteins and their dedicated type III secretion apparatus, called Ysc. The Ysc apparatus is composed of some 25 proteins including a secretin. Most of the Yops fall into two groups. Some of them are the intracellular effectors (YopE, YopH, YpkA/YopO, YopP/YopJ, YopM, and YopT), while the others (YopB, YopD, and LcrV) form the translocation apparatus that is deployed at the bacterial surface to deliver the effectors into the eukaryotic cells, across their plasma membrane. Yop secretion is triggered by contact with eukaryotic cells and controlled by proteins of the virulon including YopN, TyeA, and LcrG, which are thought to form a plug complex closing the bacterial secretion channel. The proper operation of the system also requires small individual chaperones, called the Syc proteins, in the bacterial cytosol. Transcription of the genes is controlled both by temperature and by the activity of the secretion apparatus. The virulence plasmid of Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis also encodes the adhesin YadA. The virulence plasmid contains some evolutionary remnants including, in Y. enterocolitica, an operon encoding resistance to arsenic compounds.
70kb 的毒力质粒使耶尔森氏菌属（鼠疫耶尔森菌、假结核耶尔森菌和小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌）能够在宿主的淋巴组织中存活和繁殖。它编码 Yop 毒力蛋白体系，这是一个整合系统，使胞外细菌能够通过注射细菌效应蛋白来解除参与免疫反应的细胞的武装、破坏它们之间的通讯，甚至诱导其凋亡。该系统由 Yop 蛋白及其专用的 III 型分泌装置（称为 Ysc）组成。Ysc 装置由约 25 种蛋白质组成，包括一种分泌素。大多数 Yop 蛋白分为两组。其中一些是细胞内效应蛋白（YopE、YopH、YpkA/YopO、YopP/YopJ、YopM 和 YopT），而其他的（YopB、YopD 和 LcrV）则形成转运装置，该装置部署在细菌表面，将效应蛋白输送到真核细胞中，穿过它们的质膜。Yop 的分泌由与真核细胞的接触触发，并由毒力蛋白体系中的蛋白质控制，包括 YopN、TyeA 和 LcrG，它们被认为形成一个堵塞复合物，关闭细菌分泌通道。该系统的正常运行还需要细菌胞质溶胶中的小个体伴侣蛋白，称为 Syc 蛋白。这些基因的转录受温度和分泌装置活性的控制。小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌和假结核耶尔森菌的毒力质粒还编码黏附素 YadA。毒力质粒包含一些进化残余物，包括在小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌中，一个编码对砷化合物抗性的操纵子。
