Sperry K
Fulton County Medical Examiner's Office, Georgia Bureau of Investigation, Atlanta 30303.
Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 1992 Mar;13(1):7-17.
Tattooing involves piercing the skin with needles bearing various pigments, to cause the permanent imprint of a design. The body responds to these incursions in specific and predictable ways, with initial sloughing of the overlying epidermis, variable dermal inflammation, and gradual assimilation of the pigment into macrophages. Eventually, much of the pigment is carried to the regional draining lymph nodes, with a residue staying within macrophages localized to dermal perivascular regions. The age of tattoos may be estimated, both grossly and microscopically. Tattooing can result in a variety of relatively uncommon complications and adverse reactions to the pigment, and certain infectious diseases may be inadvertently transmitted through tattooing when the instruments are inadequately sterilized, or when poor technique is used. This article, the second of three, describes the gross and microscopic pathology of both fresh and healed tattoos, and discusses the various complications (infectious and otherwise) that can occur. Tattooing has specific applications in both dermatology and plastic and reconstructive surgery, and these are also discussed.
纹身是用带有各种色素的针穿刺皮肤，从而留下图案的永久印记。身体会以特定且可预测的方式对这些侵入做出反应，首先是覆盖的表皮脱落，接着是不同程度的真皮炎症，色素逐渐被巨噬细胞吸收。最终，大部分色素会被带到局部引流淋巴结，剩余部分则留在位于真皮血管周围区域的巨噬细胞内。纹身的年代可以通过大体观察和显微镜检查来估计。纹身可能会引发各种相对不常见的并发症以及对色素的不良反应，当器械消毒不充分或操作技术不佳时，某些传染病可能会通过纹身无意间传播。本文是三篇系列文章中的第二篇，描述了新鲜纹身和愈合纹身的大体及微观病理学，并讨论了可能出现的各种并发症（包括感染性和其他方面的并发症）。纹身在皮肤科以及整形与重建外科都有特定应用，本文也将对这些应用进行讨论。
