Penin A A, Chub V V, Ezhova T A
Ontogenez. 2005 Mar-Apr;36(2):90-5.
Studies of efflorescences of the mutants bractea and terminal flower1 and double mutant bra tfl1 of Arabidoipsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. have shown that the presence of a developed leaf in the node preceding the terminal flower is a necessary condition for the formation of the terminal flower perianth. This means that perianth cannot develop in an abracteose efflorescence of terminal flower. The second necessary condition for the terminal flower formation is a sufficient level of expression of the genes responsible for floral morphogenesis. Combination of these two conditions suffices for the development of a terminal flower with perianth. Since the general principles of organization are close for most flower plants, it can be stated that if the abracteose efflorescence is terminated by a flower with perianth, this is a consequence of forcing the lateral flower into the terminal position.
对拟南芥突变体苞片（bractea）和顶花1（terminal flower1）以及双突变体苞片顶花1（bra tfl1）的开花研究表明，在顶花之前的节上存在发育成熟的叶片是形成顶花花被的必要条件。这意味着在顶花的无苞片花序中花被无法发育。顶花形成的第二个必要条件是负责花形态发生的基因有足够水平的表达。这两个条件的结合足以使带有花被的顶花发育。由于大多数花卉植物的组织一般原则相近，所以可以说，如果无苞片花序以带有花被的花结束，这是将侧花强制到顶端位置的结果。
